Gut microbiota: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:05, 19 June 2023

Background

The gastrointestinal tract is normally colonized with a number of microbes
Comprised of an estimated 35,000 bacterial species
The gut flora are impacted by:
- Mode of delivery at birth (Cesarean section versus vaginal delivery)
- Diet during infancy (breast milk versus formula)
- Diet during adulthood (plant-based or meat-based)
- Use of antimicrobials
May play a role in a number of diseases

Members

Gut microbial strains and negative health outcomes of gut microbial dysbiosis. From: Afzaal et al. Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship. Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 26;13:999001. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999001. PMID: 36225386; PMCID: PMC9549250.

A healthy gut microbiota is dominated by bacteria in the phyla Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes, followed by Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia
Varies by location
- Esophagus: Bacteroides, Gemella, Megasphaera, Pseudomonas, Prevotella, Rothia, Streptococcus, Veillonella
- Stomach: Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Enterococcus, Helicobacter pylori
- Small intestine: Bacteroides, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Proteobacteria, Enterococcus
- Cecum: Lachnospira, Roseburia, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Fecalibacterium, Fusobacterium
- Colon: Bacteroides, Clostridium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, Enterobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 * The gastrointestinal tract is normally colonized with a number of microbes
 * Comprised of an estimated 35,000 bacterial species
-* Bacteria are generally either in the phyla [[Bacteroidetes]] or [[Firmicutes]]
 * The gut flora are impacted by:
 ** Mode of delivery at birth (Cesarean section versus vaginal delivery)
@@ Line 9: / Line 8: @@
 ** Use of antimicrobials
 * May play a role in a number of diseases
+== Members ==
+[[File:Gastrointestinal flora.jpg|alt=Gut microbial strains and negative health outcomes of gut microbial dysbiosis|thumb|Gut microbial strains and negative health outcomes of gut microbial dysbiosis. From: Afzaal et al. Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship. Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 26;13:999001. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999001. PMID: 36225386; PMCID: PMC9549250.]]
+* A healthy gut microbiota is dominated by bacteria in the phyla [[Bacteroidetes]] or [[Firmicutes]], followed by [[Actinobacteria]] and [[Verrucomicrobia]]
+* Varies by location
+** Esophagus: [[Bacteroides]], [[Gemella]], [[Megasphaera]], [[Pseudomonas]], [[Prevotella]], [[Rothia]], [[Streptococcus]], [[Veillonella]]
+** Stomach: [[Streptococcus]], [[Lactobacillus]], [[Prevotella]], [[Enterococcus]], [[Helicobacter pylori]]
+** Small intestine: [[Bacteroides]], [[Clostridium]], [[Streptococcus]], [[Lactobacillus]], [[Proteobacteria]], [[Enterococcus]]
+** Cecum: [[Lachnospira]], [[Roseburia]], [[Butyrivibrio]], [[Ruminococcus]], [[Fecalibacterium]], [[Fusobacterium]]
+** Colon: [[Bacteroides]], [[Clostridium]], [[Prevotella]], [[Porphyromonas]], [[Eubacterium]], [[Ruminococcus]], [[Streptococcus]], [[Enterobacterium]], [[Enterococcus]], [[Lactobacillus]], [[Peptostreptococcus]], [[Fusobacterium]]
+== Further Reading ==
+* Role of the normal gut microbiota. ''World J Gastroenterol''. 2015;21(29):8787-803. doi: [https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787 10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26269668 26269668]; PMCID: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4528021/ PMC4528021].