Guillain-Barré syndrome: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
No edit summary |
(→) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | == |
+ | ==Background== |
| + | === Types === |
||
| − | * Causes either acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, or acute motor axonal neuropathy, or acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy |
||
| + | |||
| + | *Guillain-Barré syndrome |
||
| + | **Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) |
||
| + | **Acute motor axonal neuropathy |
||
| + | ***Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy |
||
| + | ***Acute motor-conduction-block neuropathy |
||
| + | ***Pharyngeal-cervical-branchial weakness |
||
| + | *Miller Fisher syndrome |
||
| + | **Incomplete MFS |
||
| + | ***Acute motor-ophthalmoparesis, without ataxia |
||
| + | ***Acute ataxic neyropathy, without ophthalmoparesis |
||
| + | **Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis |
||
===Etiology=== |
===Etiology=== |
||
| Line 12: | Line 24: | ||
*Non-infectious causes, including immunization, surgery, trauma, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
*Non-infectious causes, including immunization, surgery, trauma, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
||
| − | === |
+ | === Pathophysiology === |
| + | |||
| + | * Immune crossreactivity causes autoimmune destruction of either the myelin sheath (AIDP) or the axon itself |
||
| + | * Most common ADAM antibodies are anti-GM1 or anti-GD1a IgG, which recognize gangliosides |
||
| + | * Most common MFS antibody is anti-GQ1b IgG (in 90%) |
||
| + | |||
| + | ===Epidemiology=== |
||
| − | * |
+ | *About 1 case per 100,000 people per year in Western countries |
| − | == |
+ | ==Clinical Manifestations== |
| − | * |
+ | *Ascending paralysis ± sensory involvement |
| − | * |
+ | *Usually occurs 1 to 2 weeks after an immune-stimulating even such as illness or vaccination |
| − | ** |
+ | **Preceding illness usually a gastrointestinal or respiratory infection |
| − | ** |
+ | **[[Campylobacter jejuni]] is the most common causative organism identified |
| − | ** |
+ | **Rare following influenza vaccination; most notable was the 1976 H1N1 vaccine, with about 1 in 100,000 vaccine recipients developing GBS |
| − | == |
+ | ==Further Reading== |
| − | * |
+ | *Guillain-Barré syndrome. ''Lancet''. 2016;388:717-727. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00339-1 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00339-1] |
[[Category:Neurology]] |
[[Category:Neurology]] |
||
Revision as of 15:56, 14 July 2020
Background
Types
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP)
- Acute motor axonal neuropathy
- Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy
- Acute motor-conduction-block neuropathy
- Pharyngeal-cervical-branchial weakness
- Miller Fisher syndrome
- Incomplete MFS
- Acute motor-ophthalmoparesis, without ataxia
- Acute ataxic neyropathy, without ophthalmoparesis
- Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis
- Incomplete MFS
Etiology
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Cytomegalovirus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Zika virus
- HIV
- Non-infectious causes, including immunization, surgery, trauma, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Pathophysiology
- Immune crossreactivity causes autoimmune destruction of either the myelin sheath (AIDP) or the axon itself
- Most common ADAM antibodies are anti-GM1 or anti-GD1a IgG, which recognize gangliosides
- Most common MFS antibody is anti-GQ1b IgG (in 90%)
Epidemiology
- About 1 case per 100,000 people per year in Western countries
Clinical Manifestations
- Ascending paralysis ± sensory involvement
- Usually occurs 1 to 2 weeks after an immune-stimulating even such as illness or vaccination
- Preceding illness usually a gastrointestinal or respiratory infection
- Campylobacter jejuni is the most common causative organism identified
- Rare following influenza vaccination; most notable was the 1976 H1N1 vaccine, with about 1 in 100,000 vaccine recipients developing GBS
Further Reading
- Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lancet. 2016;388:717-727. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00339-1
