Dimorphic fungi

From IDWiki
Revision as of 13:27, 14 September 2020 by Aidan (talk | contribs)
  • Fungi that exist in a mold form at lower temperatures in the environment, and a yeast form at higher temperatures in the host body
  • Cryptococcus does exhibit dimorphism, though it is predominately yeast and its dimorphism is not likely related to disease
Organism Distribution Diseases Treatment
Blastomyces species eastern US and Canada, with some reported in Africa pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe)
Coccidioides species southwestern US and parts of South and Central America pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection fluconazole (with amphotericin B and flucytosine induction if severe)
Histoplasma capsulatum worldwide, including eastern North America, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia pulmonary infection, CNS infection itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe)
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis South America pulmonary infection itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe)
Sporothrix schenckii essentially worldwide nodular lymphangitis itraconazole
Talaromyces marneffei Southeast Asia disseminated (common in advanced HIV), pulmonary infection, abdominal abscess, skin lesions, osteomyelitis amphotericin B induction followed by itraconazole

Distribution

  • Endemic dimorphic fungi are widely distributed1

Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis

Coccidiomycosis

Coccidiomycosis

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis

References

  1. ^  Ashraf N, Kubat RC, Poplin V, Adenis AA, Denning DW, Wright L, McCotter O, Schwartz IS, Jackson BR, Chiller T, Bahr NC. Re-drawing the Maps for Endemic Mycoses.. Mycopathologia. 2020. doi:10.1007/s11046-020-00431-2. PMID 32040709.