Dimorphic fungi: Difference between revisions
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+ | *Fungi that exist in a mold form at lower temperatures in the environment, and a yeast form at higher temperatures in the host body |
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+ | *[[Cryptococcus]] does exhibit dimorphism, though it is predominately yeast and its dimorphism is not likely related to disease |
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|[[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]] |
|[[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]] |
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|South America |
|South America |
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| + | |pulmonary infection |
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| + | |[[itraconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] induction if severe) |
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|[[Sporothrix schenckii]] |
|[[Sporothrix schenckii]] |
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|[[Talaromyces marneffei]] |
|[[Talaromyces marneffei]] |
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|Southeast Asia |
|Southeast Asia |
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| + | |disseminated (common in advanced [[HIV]]), pulmonary infection, abdominal abscess, skin lesions, osteomyelitis |
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| + | |[[amphotericin B]] induction followed by [[itraconazole]] |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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Revision as of 13:23, 14 September 2020
- Fungi that exist in a mold form at lower temperatures in the environment, and a yeast form at higher temperatures in the host body
- Cryptococcus does exhibit dimorphism, though it is predominately yeast and its dimorphism is not likely related to disease
| Organism | Distribution | Diseases | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blastomyces species | eastern US and Canada, with some reported in Africa | pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection | itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe) |
| Coccidioides species | southwestern US and parts of South and Central America | pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection | fluconazole (with amphotericin B and flucytosine induction if severe) |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | worldwide, including eastern North America, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia | pulmonary infection, CNS infection | itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe) |
| Paracoccidioides brasiliensis | South America | pulmonary infection | itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe) |
| Sporothrix schenckii | essentially worldwide | nodular lymphangitis | itraconazole |
| Talaromyces marneffei | Southeast Asia | disseminated (common in advanced HIV), pulmonary infection, abdominal abscess, skin lesions, osteomyelitis | amphotericin B induction followed by itraconazole |
Distribution
- Endemic dimorphic fungi are widely distributed1
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiomycosis
Blastomycosis
References
- ^ Ashraf N, Kubat RC, Poplin V, Adenis AA, Denning DW, Wright L, McCotter O, Schwartz IS, Jackson BR, Chiller T, Bahr NC. Re-drawing the Maps for Endemic Mycoses.. Mycopathologia. 2020. doi:10.1007/s11046-020-00431-2. PMID 32040709.
