Dimorphic fungi: Difference between revisions

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* Fungi that exist in a mold form at lower temperatures in the environment, and a yeast form at higher temperatures in the host body
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== Species ==
  
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* [[Cryptococcus]] does exhibit dimorphism, though it is predominately yeast and its dimorphism is not likely related to disease
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* ''[[Blastomyces dermatitidis]]''
  
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* ''[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]''
  
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* ''[[Coccidioides immitis]]'' and ''[[Coccidioides posadasii]]''
  
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* ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]'' and ''[[Cryptococcus gattii]]''
  
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* ''[[Sporothrix schenckii]]''
  
   
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{| class="wikitable"
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== Distribution ==
  
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!Organism
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* Endemic dimorphic fungi are widely distributed[[CiteRef::PMID32040709]]
  
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!Distribution
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!Diseases
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!Treatment
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|-
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|[[Blastomyces species]]
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|eastern US and Canada, with some reported in Africa
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|pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection
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|[[itraconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] induction if severe)
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|-
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|[[Coccidioides species]]
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|southwestern US and parts of South and Central America
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|pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection
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|[[fluconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] and [[flucytosine]] induction if severe)
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|-
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|[[Histoplasma|Histoplasma capsulatum]]
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|worldwide, including eastern North America, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia
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|pulmonary infection, CNS infection
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|[[itraconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] induction if severe)
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|-
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|[[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]]
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|South America
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|
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|
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|-
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|[[Sporothrix schenckii]]
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|essentially worldwide
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|[[nodular lymphangitis]]
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|[[itraconazole]]
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|-
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|[[Talaromyces marneffei]]
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|Southeast Asia
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|
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|
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|}
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<br />
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==Distribution==
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*Endemic dimorphic fungi are widely distributed[[CiteRef::PMID32040709]]
   
 
[[File:Histoplasmosis_map.png|frame|Histoplasmosis]]
  
[[File:Histoplasmosis_map.png|frame|Histoplasmosis]]

Revision as of 14:41, 20 August 2020

  • Fungi that exist in a mold form at lower temperatures in the environment, and a yeast form at higher temperatures in the host body
  • Cryptococcus does exhibit dimorphism, though it is predominately yeast and its dimorphism is not likely related to disease
Organism Distribution Diseases Treatment
Blastomyces species eastern US and Canada, with some reported in Africa pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe)
Coccidioides species southwestern US and parts of South and Central America pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection fluconazole (with amphotericin B and flucytosine induction if severe)
Histoplasma capsulatum worldwide, including eastern North America, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia pulmonary infection, CNS infection itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe)
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis South America
Sporothrix schenckii essentially worldwide nodular lymphangitis itraconazole
Talaromyces marneffei Southeast Asia


Distribution

  • Endemic dimorphic fungi are widely distributed1
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiomycosis
Blastomycosis

References

  1. ^  Ashraf N, Kubat RC, Poplin V, Adenis AA, Denning DW, Wright L, McCotter O, Schwartz IS, Jackson BR, Chiller T, Bahr NC. Re-drawing the Maps for Endemic Mycoses.. Mycopathologia. 2020. doi:10.1007/s11046-020-00431-2. PMID 32040709.

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