Cephalosporins: Difference between revisions
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+ | * Class of β-lactam antibiotics |
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− | *First-generation |
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+ | * Cephamycins ([[cefoxitin]] and relatives) are commonly included under second-generation cephalosporin |
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− | **[[Cefazolin]] |
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+ | ** Narrower spectrum but resistance to [[β-lactamases]] |
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− | **[[Cephalothin]] |
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+ | * Organized into generations, with increasing generations having broader gram-negative coverage but losing some gram-positive coverage |
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− | **[[Cephapirin]] |
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+ | * Third-generation are considered extended-spectrum; therefore, [[β-lactamases]] that hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins are called [[extended-spectrum β-lactamases]] |
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− | **[[Cephradine]] |
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+ | |||
− | *Second-generation |
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+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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− | **[[Cefamandole]] |
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+ | !Generation |
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− | **[[Cefonicid]] |
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+ | !Antibiotic |
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− | **[[Cefuroxime]] |
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+ | !Route |
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− | *Third-generation |
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+ | !Notes |
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− | **[[Cefoperazone]] |
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+ | |- |
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− | **[[Cefotaxime]] |
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+ | | rowspan="8" |First |
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− | **[[Ceftazidime]] |
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− | + | |[[cefadroxil]] |
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+ | |PO |
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− | **[[Ceftriaxone]] |
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+ | | |
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− | *Fourth-generation |
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+ | |- |
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− | **[[Cefepime]] |
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− | + | |[[cefazolin]] |
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+ | |IV |
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− | *Anti-MRSA |
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+ | | |
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− | **[[Ceftaroline]] |
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+ | |- |
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− | **[[Ceftobiprole]] |
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+ | |[[cephacetrile]] |
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− | *Cephamycins |
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+ | | |
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− | **[[Cefmetazole]] |
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+ | | |
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− | **[[Cefotetan]] |
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+ | |- |
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− | **[[Cefoxitin]] |
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+ | |[[cephalexin]] |
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− | *Siderophore cephalosporin |
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+ | |PO |
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− | **[[Cefiderocol]] |
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+ | | |
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− | *Oral |
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+ | |- |
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− | **[[Cefaclor]] |
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− | + | |[[cephaloridine]] |
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+ | | |
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− | **[[Cefdinir]] |
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+ | | |
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− | **[[Cefditoren]] |
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+ | |- |
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− | **[[Cefetamet]] |
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− | + | |[[cephalothin]] |
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+ | |IV |
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− | **[[Cefpodoxime]] |
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+ | |previously used to predict cefazolin susceptibilty |
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− | **[[Cefprozil]] |
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+ | |- |
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− | **[[Ceftibuten]] |
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− | + | |[[cephapirin]] |
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+ | | |
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− | **[[Cephalexin]] |
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+ | | |
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− | **[[Cephradine]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cephradine]] |
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+ | |PO/IV |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="9" |Second |
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+ | |[[cefaclor]] |
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+ | |PO |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefamandole]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefonicid]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[ceforanide]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefotiam]] |
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+ | |PO/IV |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefprozil]] |
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+ | |PO |
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+ | |sometimes thought of as a third-generation |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefuroxime]] |
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+ | |PO/IV |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefuzonam]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | |severe skin reactions |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[loracarbef]] |
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+ | |PO |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="4" |[[Cephamycins]] |
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+ | |[[cefmetazole]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefotetan]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefoxitin]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[flomoxef]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="12" |Third |
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+ | |[[cefdinir]] |
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+ | |PO |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefditoren]] |
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+ | |PO |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefixime]] |
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+ | |PO |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefoperazone]] |
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+ | |IV |
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+ | |[[Cefoperazone-sulbactam|coformulated with sulbactam]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefotaxime]] |
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+ | |IV |
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+ | |very similar to [[ceftriaxone]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefpiramide]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | |sometimes described as a fourth-generation; may be active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefpodoxime]] |
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+ | |PO |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefsulodin]] |
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+ | |PO |
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+ | |sometimes described as a fourth-generation; may be active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[ceftazidime]] |
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+ | |IV |
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+ | |active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]; may be [[Ceftazidime-avibactam|coformulated with avibactam]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[ceftibuten]] |
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+ | |PO |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[ceftizoxime]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[ceftriaxone]] |
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+ | |IV |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="2" |Fourth |
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+ | |[[cefepime]] |
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+ | |IV |
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+ | |active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] and [[AmpC β-lactamase|AmpC producers]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[cefpirome]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="3" |Fifth |
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+ | |[[ceftaroline]] |
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+ | |IV |
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+ | |active against MRSA; may be coformulated with [[Ceftazidime-avibactam|avibactam]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[ceftobiprole]] |
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+ | |IV |
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+ | |active against MRSA |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[ceftolozane]] |
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+ | |IV |
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+ | |[[Ceftolozane-tazobactam|coformulated with tazobactam]]; active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] and [[Extended-spectrum β-lactamases|ESBL producers]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |Siderophore |
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+ | |[[cefiderocol]] |
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+ | |IV |
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+ | |} |
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== Further Reading == |
== Further Reading == |
Latest revision as of 07:12, 4 September 2022
- Class of β-lactam antibiotics
- Cephamycins (cefoxitin and relatives) are commonly included under second-generation cephalosporin
- Narrower spectrum but resistance to β-lactamases
- Organized into generations, with increasing generations having broader gram-negative coverage but losing some gram-positive coverage
- Third-generation are considered extended-spectrum; therefore, β-lactamases that hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins are called extended-spectrum β-lactamases
Further Reading
- Comparison of various cephalosporins at Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/d19tab1.htm