Cephalosporins: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
(Created page with "* First-generation ** Cefazolin ** Cephalothin ** Cephapirin ** Cephradine * Second-generation ** Cefamandole ** Cefonicid ** Cefuroxime * Third-ge...") |
No edit summary |
||
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | * Class of β-lactam antibiotics |
||
− | * First-generation |
||
+ | * Cephamycins ([[cefoxitin]] and relatives) are commonly included under second-generation cephalosporin |
||
− | ** [[Cefazolin]] |
||
+ | ** Narrower spectrum but resistance to [[β-lactamases]] |
||
− | ** [[Cephalothin]] |
||
+ | * Organized into generations, with increasing generations having broader gram-negative coverage but losing some gram-positive coverage |
||
− | ** [[Cephapirin]] |
||
+ | * Third-generation are considered extended-spectrum; therefore, [[β-lactamases]] that hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins are called [[extended-spectrum β-lactamases]] |
||
− | ** [[Cephradine]] |
||
+ | |||
− | * Second-generation |
||
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
||
− | ** [[Cefamandole]] |
||
+ | !Generation |
||
− | ** [[Cefonicid]] |
||
+ | !Antibiotic |
||
− | ** [[Cefuroxime]] |
||
+ | !Route |
||
− | * Third-generation |
||
+ | !Notes |
||
− | ** [[Cefoperazone]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ** [[Cefotaxime]] |
||
+ | | rowspan="8" |First |
||
− | ** [[Ceftazidime]] |
||
− | + | |[[cefadroxil]] |
|
+ | |PO |
||
− | ** [[Ceftriaxone]] |
||
+ | | |
||
− | * Fourth-generation |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ** [[Cefepime]] |
||
− | + | |[[cefazolin]] |
|
+ | |IV |
||
− | * Anti-MRSA |
||
+ | | |
||
− | ** [[Ceftaroline]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ** [[Ceftobiprole]] |
||
+ | |[[cephacetrile]] |
||
− | * Cephamycins |
||
+ | | |
||
− | ** [[Cefmetazole]] |
||
+ | | |
||
− | ** [[Cefotetan]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ** [[Cefoxitin]] |
||
+ | |[[cephalexin]] |
||
− | * Siderophore cephalosporin |
||
+ | |PO |
||
− | ** [[Cefiderocol]] |
||
+ | | |
||
− | * Oral |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ** [[Cefaclor]] |
||
+ | |[[cephaloridine]] |
||
− | ** [[Cefadroxil]] |
||
+ | | |
||
− | ** [[Cefdinir]] |
||
+ | | |
||
− | ** [[Cefditoren]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ** [[Cefetamet]] |
||
− | + | |[[cephalothin]] |
|
+ | |IV |
||
− | ** [[Cefpodoxime]] |
||
+ | |previously used to predict cefazolin susceptibilty |
||
− | ** [[Cefprozil]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ** [[Ceftibuten]] |
||
− | + | |[[cephapirin]] |
|
+ | | |
||
− | ** [[Cephalexin]] |
||
+ | | |
||
− | ** [[Cephradine]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cephradine]] |
||
+ | |PO/IV |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | rowspan="9" |Second |
||
+ | |[[cefaclor]] |
||
+ | |PO |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefamandole]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefonicid]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[ceforanide]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefotiam]] |
||
+ | |PO/IV |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefprozil]] |
||
+ | |PO |
||
+ | |sometimes thought of as a third-generation |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefuroxime]] |
||
+ | |PO/IV |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefuzonam]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |severe skin reactions |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[loracarbef]] |
||
+ | |PO |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | rowspan="4" |[[Cephamycins]] |
||
+ | |[[cefmetazole]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefotetan]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefoxitin]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[flomoxef]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | rowspan="12" |Third |
||
+ | |[[cefdinir]] |
||
+ | |PO |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefditoren]] |
||
+ | |PO |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefixime]] |
||
+ | |PO |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefoperazone]] |
||
+ | |IV |
||
+ | |[[Cefoperazone-sulbactam|coformulated with sulbactam]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefotaxime]] |
||
+ | |IV |
||
+ | |very similar to [[ceftriaxone]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefpiramide]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |sometimes described as a fourth-generation; may be active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefpodoxime]] |
||
+ | |PO |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefsulodin]] |
||
+ | |PO |
||
+ | |sometimes described as a fourth-generation; may be active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[ceftazidime]] |
||
+ | |IV |
||
+ | |active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]; may be [[Ceftazidime-avibactam|coformulated with avibactam]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[ceftibuten]] |
||
+ | |PO |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[ceftizoxime]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[ceftriaxone]] |
||
+ | |IV |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | rowspan="2" |Fourth |
||
+ | |[[cefepime]] |
||
+ | |IV |
||
+ | |active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] and [[AmpC β-lactamase|AmpC producers]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[cefpirome]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | rowspan="3" |Fifth |
||
+ | |[[ceftaroline]] |
||
+ | |IV |
||
+ | |active against MRSA; may be coformulated with [[Ceftazidime-avibactam|avibactam]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[ceftobiprole]] |
||
+ | |IV |
||
+ | |active against MRSA |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[ceftolozane]] |
||
+ | |IV |
||
+ | |[[Ceftolozane-tazobactam|coformulated with tazobactam]]; active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] and [[Extended-spectrum β-lactamases|ESBL producers]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |Siderophore |
||
+ | |[[cefiderocol]] |
||
+ | |IV |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | == Further Reading == |
||
+ | |||
+ | * Comparison of various cephalosporins at Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/d19tab1.htm |
||
[[Category:Β-lactams]] |
[[Category:Β-lactams]] |
Latest revision as of 07:12, 4 September 2022
- Class of β-lactam antibiotics
- Cephamycins (cefoxitin and relatives) are commonly included under second-generation cephalosporin
- Narrower spectrum but resistance to β-lactamases
- Organized into generations, with increasing generations having broader gram-negative coverage but losing some gram-positive coverage
- Third-generation are considered extended-spectrum; therefore, β-lactamases that hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins are called extended-spectrum β-lactamases
Further Reading
- Comparison of various cephalosporins at Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/d19tab1.htm