Campylobacter: Difference between revisions
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Campylobacter
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− | * |
+ | *Gram-negative bacillus that is a common cause of foodborne illness, especially associated with undercooked poultry |
− | == |
+ | ==Background== |
− | === |
+ | ===Microbiology=== |
− | * [[Oxidase test::Oxidase-positive]], catalase-positive]], curved, [[Stain::Gram [[Catalase::negative]] [[Cellular shape::bacillus]] |
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− | * Includes [[Campylobacter jejuni]] and [[Campylobacter coli]] |
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+ | *Genus of oxidase [[Oxidase::positive]], catalase [[Catalase::positive]], curved, [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus|bacilli]] |
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− | == Clinical Manifestations == |
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+ | *Includes [[Campylobacter jejuni]] and [[Campylobacter coli]] |
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− | === Complications === |
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+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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− | * [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] (GBS) |
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+ | ! colspan="3" |Growth Temp (ºC) |
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− | * [[MALT lymphoma]] |
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+ | ! rowspan="2" |Nitrate |
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+ | ! colspan="2" |H<sub>2</sub>S |
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+ | ! rowspan="2" |Hippurate Hydrolysis |
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+ | ! colspan="2" |Susceptibility |
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+ | ! rowspan="2" |C-19 FA Reduction |
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+ | ! rowspan="2" |Species |
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+ | |- |
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+ | !25 |
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+ | !37 |
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+ | !42 |
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+ | !TSI |
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+ | !Lead Acetate Paper |
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+ | !Cephalothin |
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+ | !Nalidixic Acid |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |R |
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+ | |S |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |[[Campylobacter jejuni]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |v |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |R |
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+ | |S |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |[[Campylobacter coli]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |R |
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+ | |R |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |[[Campylobacter lari]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |v |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |v |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |S |
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+ | |R |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |[[Campylobacter fetus]] subsp. fetus |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |v |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |v |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |S |
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+ | |R |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |[[Campylobacter hyointestinalis]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |S |
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+ | |S |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |[[Campylobacter cinaedi]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |S |
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+ | |S |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |[[Campylobacter upsaliensis]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |– |
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+ | | + |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |S |
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+ | |S |
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+ | |– |
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+ | |[[Helicobacter fennelliae]] |
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+ | |} |
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+ | ==Clinical Manifestations== |
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− | == Management == |
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+ | *Enteric disease, with [[Acute gastroenteritis|acute blood gastroenteritis]], is most common with [[Campylobacter jejeni]] |
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− | * No antibiotics needed if stable |
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+ | **ALso seen with [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Campylobacter fetus]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter upsaliensis]], [[Arcobacter butzleri]], [[Arcobacter skirrowi]], and [[Arcobacter cryaerophilus]] |
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− | * If requiring antibiotics, use [[Is treated by::ciprofloxacin]] or [[Is treated by::azithomycin]] for 5 days, or [[Is treated by::clarithromycin]] for 7 days |
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+ | *Extraintestinal disease, with [[bacteremia]] and [[endovascular infection]], is most common with [[Campylobacter fetus]] subspecies ''fetus'' |
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+ | **Also seen with [[Campylobacter jejuni]], [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter sputorum]], [[Campylobacter hyointestinalis]], and [[Helicobacter rappini]] |
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+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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− | {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Campylobacter'' species}} |
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+ | ! |
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+ | ![[Campylobacter jejuni]] |
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+ | ![[Campylobacter fetus]] subsp. ''fetus'' |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |Reservoir |
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+ | |birds, food animal |
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+ | |cattle and sheep |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |Epidemiology |
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+ | |healthy hosts of all ages, often cluster |
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+ | |debilitated hosts, rarely clusters |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |Culture From |
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+ | |feces |
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+ | |bloodstream |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |Clinical Manifestations |
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+ | |[[acute gastroenteritis]], [[colitis]] |
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+ | |[[bacteremia]], [[meningitis]], [[endovascular infection]], [[abscess]], [[gastroenteritis]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |Diarrhea |
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+ | |common |
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+ | |uncommon |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |Prognosis |
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+ | |self-limited |
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+ | |can be fatal |
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+ | |} |
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+ | |||
+ | ===Complications=== |
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+ | |||
+ | *[[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] (GBS) |
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+ | *[[MALT lymphoma]] |
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+ | |||
+ | ==Management== |
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+ | |||
+ | === Enteric Disease === |
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+ | |||
+ | *Supportive care |
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+ | *Illness lasts on average 1.3 days |
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+ | *No antibiotics needed if stable; treatment suggested if high fever, bloody diarrhea, more than 8 stools per daily, prolonged illness ≥7 days |
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+ | *If requiring antibiotics, use [[Is treated by::ciprofloxacin]] or [[Is treated by::azithomycin]] for 5 days, or [[Is treated by::clarithromycin]] for 7 days |
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+ | |||
+ | === Extraintestinal Disease === |
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+ | |||
+ | * Bacteremia with [[Campylobacter fetus]] should be treated with antibiotics, usually for at least 2 weeks |
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+ | ** Options include [[ampicillin]], [[imipenem]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[gentamicin]], [[fluoroquinolones]] if not resistant |
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+ | * Endovascular infections often treated for 4 or more weeks |
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+ | * Meningitis treated for 2 to 3 weeks |
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+ | {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Campylobacter''}} |
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[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
Latest revision as of 10:54, 18 February 2022
- Gram-negative bacillus that is a common cause of foodborne illness, especially associated with undercooked poultry
Background
Microbiology
- Genus of oxidase positive, catalase positive, curved, Gram-negative bacilli
- Includes Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
Growth Temp (ºC) | Nitrate | H2S | Hippurate Hydrolysis | Susceptibility | C-19 FA Reduction | Species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 | 37 | 42 | TSI | Lead Acetate Paper | Cephalothin | Nalidixic Acid | ||||
– | + | + | + | – | + | + | R | S | + | Campylobacter jejuni |
– | + | + | + | v | + | – | R | S | + | Campylobacter coli |
– | + | + | + | – | + | – | R | R | + | Campylobacter lari |
+ | + | v | + | – | v | – | S | R | – | Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus |
v | + | v | + | + | + | – | S | R | + | Campylobacter hyointestinalis |
– | + | – | + | – | + | – | S | S | – | Campylobacter cinaedi |
– | + | + | + | – | + | – | S | S | – | Campylobacter upsaliensis |
– | + | – | – | – | + | – | S | S | – | Helicobacter fennelliae |
Clinical Manifestations
- Enteric disease, with acute blood gastroenteritis, is most common with Campylobacter jejeni
- Extraintestinal disease, with bacteremia and endovascular infection, is most common with Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus
Campylobacter jejuni | Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus | |
---|---|---|
Reservoir | birds, food animal | cattle and sheep |
Epidemiology | healthy hosts of all ages, often cluster | debilitated hosts, rarely clusters |
Culture From | feces | bloodstream |
Clinical Manifestations | acute gastroenteritis, colitis | bacteremia, meningitis, endovascular infection, abscess, gastroenteritis |
Diarrhea | common | uncommon |
Prognosis | self-limited | can be fatal |
Complications
Management
Enteric Disease
- Supportive care
- Illness lasts on average 1.3 days
- No antibiotics needed if stable; treatment suggested if high fever, bloody diarrhea, more than 8 stools per daily, prolonged illness ≥7 days
- If requiring antibiotics, use ciprofloxacin or azithomycin for 5 days, or clarithromycin for 7 days
Extraintestinal Disease
- Bacteremia with Campylobacter fetus should be treated with antibiotics, usually for at least 2 weeks
- Options include ampicillin, imipenem, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, fluoroquinolones if not resistant
- Endovascular infections often treated for 4 or more weeks
- Meningitis treated for 2 to 3 weeks