Acute urinary retention: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 10:26, 14 April 2023

Etiology

Prostate
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Medication
- Sympathomimetic
  - Alpha-adrenergic: ephedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine
  - Beta-adrenergic: isoproterenol, metaproterenol, terbutaline
- Antidepressants: imipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, doxepin, amoxepine, maprotiline
- Antiarrhythmics: quinidine procainamide, disopyramide
- Anticholinergics: atropine, scopolamine, clidinium, glycopyrrolate, mepenzolate, oxybutynin, flavoxate, hyoscyamine, belladonna, homatropine, propantheline, dicyclomine
- Antiparkinsonian medications: trihexyphenidyl, benztropine, amantadine, levodopa, bromocriptine
- Hormone replacement: progesterone, estrogen, testosterone
- Antipsychotics: haloperidol, thiothixene, thioridizine, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, prochlorperazine
- Antihistamines: diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine, cyproheptadine, hydroxyzine
- Antihypertensives: hydralazine, nifedipine
- Muscle relaxants: diazepam, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine
- Miscellaneous: indomethacin, carbamazepine, amphetamines, dopamine, vincristine, morphine and other opiates, anesthetics

Investigations

Bladder scan
Abdominal ultrasound to rule out hydronephrosis

Management

Foley catheterization
Monitor lytes, urine lytes, urine output
If post-obstructive diuresis
- Monitor urine output, replace 75% by volume with half-normal saline
- Monitor electrolytes

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 * Prostate
-** Benign prostatic hypertrophy
+** [[Benign prostatic hypertrophy]]
 * Medication
 ** Sympathomimetic
-*** Alpha-adrenergic: ephedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine
+*** Alpha-adrenergic: [[ephedrine]], [[phenylephrine]], [[phenylpropanolamine]], [[pseudoephedrine]]
-*** Beta-adrenergic: isoproterenol, metaproterenol, terbutaline
+*** Beta-adrenergic: [[isoproterenol]], [[metaproterenol]], [[terbutaline]]
-** Antidepressants: imipramine, nortiptyline, amitriptyline, doxepin, amoxepine, maprotiline
+** Antidepressants: [[imipramine]], [[nortriptyline]], [[amitriptyline]], [[doxepin]], [[amoxepine]], [[maprotiline]]
-** Antiarrhythmics: quinidine procainamide, disopyramide
+** Antiarrhythmics: [[quinidine procainamide]], [[disopyramide]]
-** Anticholinergics: atropine, scopolamine, clidinium, glycopyrrolate, mepenzolate, oxybutynin, flavoxate, hyoscyamine, belladonna, homatropine, propantheline, dicyclomine
+** Anticholinergics: [[atropine]], [[scopolamine]], [[clidinium]], [[glycopyrrolate]], [[mepenzolate]], [[oxybutynin]], [[flavoxate]], [[hyoscyamine]], [[belladonna]], [[homatropine]], [[propantheline]], [[dicyclomine]]
-** Antiparkinsonian medications: trihexyphenidyl, benztropine, amantadine, levodopa, bromocriptine
+** Antiparkinsonian medications: [[trihexyphenidyl]], [[benztropine]], [[amantadine]], [[levodopa]], [[bromocriptine]]
-** Hormone replacement: progesterone, estrogen, testosterone
+** Hormone replacement: [[progesterone]], [[estrogen]], [[testosterone]]
-** Antipsychotics: haloperidol, thiothixene, thioridizine, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, prochlorperazine
+** Antipsychotics: [[haloperidol]], [[thiothixene]], [[thioridizine]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[fluphenazine]], [[prochlorperazine]]
-** Antihistamines: diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine, cyproheptadine, hydroxyzine
+** Antihistamines: [[diphenhydramine]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[brompheniramine]], [[cyproheptadine]], [[hydroxyzine]]
-** Antihypertensives: hydralazine, nifedipine
+** Antihypertensives: [[hydralazine]], [[nifedipine]]
-** Muscle relaxants: diazepam, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine
+** Muscle relaxants: [[diazepam]], [[baclofen]], [[cyclobenzaprine]]
-** Miscellaneous: indomethacin, carbamazepine, amphetamines, dopamine, vincristine, morphine and other opiates, anaesthetics
+** Miscellaneous: [[indomethacin]], [[carbamazepine]], [[amphetamines]], [[dopamine]], [[vincristine]], [[morphine]] and other [[Opioids|opiates]], anesthetics
 == Investigations ==