Microbiology
- Direct spread
- Nose/sinuses: Streptococcus species (especially S. milleri), Haemophilus species, Bacteroides species, Fusobacterium species
- Teeth: Streptococcus species, Bacteroides species, Prevotella species, Fusobacterium species, Haemophilus species
- Ears: Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteroides species
- Penetrating head trauma: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter species, Clostridium species
- Neurosurgery: Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species
- Hematogenous spread
- Immunocompromised patient
- HIV: Toxoplasma gondii, Nocardia species, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, Listeria monocytogenes, Cryptococcus neoformans
- Neutropenia: Gram-negative bacilli, Aspergillus species, mucormycosis, Candida species, Scedosporium species
- Transplantation: Aspergillus species, Candida species, mucormycosis, Scedosporium species, Enterobacteriaceae, Nocardia species, Toxoplasma gondii, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Plus anaerobes, which are common
Further Reading
