Keratitis

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Background

Inflammation of the cornea

Etiology

Bacteria
- Gram-positive cocci
- Gram-positive bacilli
- Gram-negative coccobacilli
- Gram-negative bacilli
- Other bacteria
  - Chlamydia trachomatis
  - Treponema pallidum, mostly in congenital syphilis and presents in adolescence
  - Borrelia burgdorferi
  - Nocardia species, associated with surgery
Mycobacteria
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium chelonae, th most common NTM, which are associated with surgery
- Mycobacterium gordonae
- Mycobacterium mycogenicum
Viruses
- Herpes simplex virus, the most common viral cause
- Varicella-zoster virus, which can occur before, during, or after a zoster eruption
- Adenovirus
- Vaccinia virus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Measles virus
- Enterovirus
- Coxsackievirus
Fungi
- Fusarium species, the most common fungal cause
- Candida species
- Aspergillus species
- Acremonium species
- Alternaria species
- Penicillium species
- Bipolaris species
- Nosema species
- Vitaforma corneae
- Encephalitozoon species
Parasites
- Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Acanthamoeba castellanii, associated with contact lenses
- Onchocerca volvulus
- Leishmania brasiliensis
- Trypanosoma species
Non-infectious causes

Clinical Manifestations

Red, painful eye with foreign body sensation
Decreased visual acuity
Tearing ± purulent discharge (depending on etiology)
Corneal edema
Fluorescein dye may help visualize corneal ulcerations

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