Terminal ileitis

Differential Diagnosis

• Infectious
  • Bacterial
    • Yersinia enterocolitica or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
    • Salmonella species
    • Clostridioides difficile
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Actinomyces
  • Viral: Cytomegalovirus
  • Fungal: Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Parasitic: Anisakidosis
  • Other: Neutropenic enterocolitis
• Non-infectious
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
    • Crohn disease
    • Ulcerative colitis (backwash ileitis)
  • Anatomic: Meckel diverticulum
  • Drugs
    • NSAID
    • Antihypertensives
    • Digoxin
    • Diuretics
    • Ergotamine
    • Oral contraceptives
  • Vascular
    • Ischemia
    • Behçet disease
    • Giant cell arteritis
    • Henoch-Schönlein purpura
    • Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
    • Polyarteritis nodosa
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
  • Spondyloarthropathies
    • Ankylosing spondylitis
    • Enteropathic arthritis
    • Psoriatic arthritis
    • Reactive arthritis
  • Malignancy
    • Carcinoid tumour
    • Cecal adenocarcinoma
    • Ileal adenocarcinoma
    • Lymphoma
    • Lymphosarcoma
    • Metastases
  • Infiltrative
    • Amyloidosis
    • Eosinophilic enteritis
    • Sarcoidosis

Further Reading

• Facing Terminal Ileitis: Going Beyond Crohn’s Disease. Gastroenterology Res. 2016;9(1):1-9. doi: 10.14740/gr698w