Spontaneous gram-negative meningitis

Background

Microbiology

• Most commonly caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter
• Also Citrobacter, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter, and Proteus mirabilis

Risk Factors

• Diabetes mellitus
• Cirrhosis
• End-stage renal disease
• Substance abuse, including alcohol use disorder
• Cancer