- Infectious
- Bacteremia
- Borrelia spp.
- Clostridium spp.
- Infective endocarditis (many species)
- Haemophilus influenzae type B
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (disseminated gonococcal infection)
- Neisseria meningitidis (acute or chronic meningococcemia)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Rickettsia prowazekii
- Rickettsia rickettsii
- Spirillum minor
- Streptobacillus moniliformis
- Staphylococcus aureus (bacteremia)
- Group A Streptococcus (streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (asplenic patient)
- Vibrio vulnificus
- Yersinia pestis
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers
- Non-infectious
- TTP/HUS
- Vasculitis (small-vessel): IgA vasulitis (HSP)
- Hematologic malignancy like leukemia with thrombocytopenia
