Cavitary lung disease

Differential Diagnosis

• Infection
  • Bacterial
    • Anaerobes or mixed
    • Staphylococcus aureus
    • Klebsiella pneumoniae
    • Enterobacteriaceae
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Legionella, Haemophilus influenzae type B
    • Nocardia
    • Actinomyces
    • Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis)
  • Mycobacterial
    • Tuberculosis
    • Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
      • Mycobacterium avium complex
      • Mycobacterium kansasii
  • Fungal
    • Aspergillus
    • Coccidioides
    • Histoplasma
    • Blastomyces dermatitidis
    • Cryptococcus
    • Mucormycosis
    • Pneumocystis jirovecii
  • Parasitic
    • Entamoeba histolytica
    • Paragonimus westermani
    • Echinococcus and Pneumocystis (cysts)
  • Post-pneumonia pneumatocele
  • Septic pulmonary embolism
  • Lemierre syndrome
• Malignancy
  • Primary bronchogenic carcinoma, especially squamous cell
  • Cavitating lung metastasis
    • Squamous cell carcinoma
    • Adenocarcinoma
    • Sarcoma
• Inflammatory disease
  • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
  • Rheumatoid nodules
  • Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Pulmonary Langerhans histiocytosis
• Vascular
  • Pulmonary infarction
• Trauma
  • Traumatic pneumatocele
  • Foreign body aspiration
• Congenital
  • Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)
  • Pulmonary sequestration
  • Bronchogenic cyst