Rhodococcus hoagii: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
Rhodococcus hoagii
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
*Facultative intracellular, non-spore-forming, [[Stain::Gram-positive]], weakly acid-fast [[Cellular shape::coccobacillus]] |
*Facultative intracellular, non-spore-forming, [[Stain::Gram-positive]], weakly acid-fast [[Cellular shape::coccobacillus]] |
||
*Within the family [[Nocardiaceae]] and order [[Actinomycetes]] |
|||
*Obligate aerobic and facultatively intracellular |
|||
*Found in dry and dusty soil |
*Found in dry and dusty soil |
||
*Makes red pigment, hence the name |
*Makes red pigment, hence the name |
||
*Member of the actinomycetes group |
|||
===Epidemiology=== |
===Epidemiology=== |
||
*Infects domesticated animals |
*Infects domesticated animals: [[Horses]] (and in foals it causes pneumonia), [[Goats]], [[Pigs]], [[Sheep]], and [[Cattle]] |
||
*Most commonly infects people with cell-mediated immunodeficiency, particularly [[HIV]], with or without a notable infectious exposure |
|||
**[[Horses]], and in foals it causes pneumonia |
|||
**[[Goats]] |
|||
=== Risk Factors === |
|||
**[[Pigs]] |
|||
**[[Sheep]] |
|||
* HIV accounts for 65% of cases |
|||
**[[Cattle]] |
|||
* Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
|||
*Can infect immunocompromised people (HIV, etc) |
|||
* Diabetes |
|||
* Alcohol abuse |
|||
* Chronic renal failure |
|||
* Leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer |
|||
* Sarcoidosis |
|||
* Preterm infants |
|||
==Clinical Manifestations== |
==Clinical Manifestations== |
||
*[[Necrotizing pneumonia]] is usual presentation, as well as [[Lung nodules|nodules]], [[Cavitary lung disease|cavitation]], [[pleural effusion]], and [[lung abscess]] |
*[[Necrotizing pneumonia]] is usual presentation, as well as [[Lung nodules|nodules]], [[Cavitary lung disease|cavitation]], [[pleural effusion]], and [[lung abscess]] |
||
**Typically subacute onset with fever, cough, and fatigue, as well as pleuritic chest pain |
|||
*Specifically in immunocompromised patients, it can cause a [[cavitary lung disease]] and is on the differential with [[Mycobacterium species|mycobacteria]] and [[nocardiosis]] |
*Specifically in immunocompromised patients, it can cause a [[cavitary lung disease]] and is on the differential with [[Mycobacterium species|mycobacteria]] and [[nocardiosis]] |
||
*Extrapulmonary disease can occur with or without pulmonary involvement |
|||
**In conjunction with other infections, can have abscesses in liver, spleen, thyroid, kidney, psoas, bone, prostate, intraabdominal cavity, and paraspinous tissue |
|||
*Extrapulmonary disease without pulmonary involvement has three main presentations: |
|||
**Localized infection following traumatic inoculation, causing wound infection, traumatic septic arthritis, or endophthalmitis |
|||
**Isolated bacteremia with fever, typically recently after chemotherapy causing neutropenia |
|||
**Gastrointestional inoculation followed by lymphatic dissemination, causing peritonitis, pelvic masses, and mesenteric adenitis |
|||
**Others include otitis media with mastoiditis, colonic polyp infection, and osteomyelitis |
|||
== |
==Management== |
||
* |
*Treatment usually 6 months or longer |
||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rhodococcus equi''}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rhodococcus equi''}} |
||
[[Category:Gram-positive bacteria]] |
[[Category:Gram-positive bacteria]] |
||
Revision as of 00:18, 19 September 2020
Background
Microbiology
- Facultative intracellular, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive, weakly acid-fast coccobacillus
- Within the family Nocardiaceae and order Actinomycetes
- Obligate aerobic and facultatively intracellular
- Found in dry and dusty soil
- Makes red pigment, hence the name
Epidemiology
- Infects domesticated animals: Horses (and in foals it causes pneumonia), Goats, Pigs, Sheep, and Cattle
- Most commonly infects people with cell-mediated immunodeficiency, particularly HIV, with or without a notable infectious exposure
Risk Factors
- HIV accounts for 65% of cases
- Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- Diabetes
- Alcohol abuse
- Chronic renal failure
- Leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer
- Sarcoidosis
- Preterm infants
Clinical Manifestations
- Necrotizing pneumonia is usual presentation, as well as nodules, cavitation, pleural effusion, and lung abscess
- Typically subacute onset with fever, cough, and fatigue, as well as pleuritic chest pain
- Specifically in immunocompromised patients, it can cause a cavitary lung disease and is on the differential with mycobacteria and nocardiosis
- Extrapulmonary disease can occur with or without pulmonary involvement
- In conjunction with other infections, can have abscesses in liver, spleen, thyroid, kidney, psoas, bone, prostate, intraabdominal cavity, and paraspinous tissue
- Extrapulmonary disease without pulmonary involvement has three main presentations:
- Localized infection following traumatic inoculation, causing wound infection, traumatic septic arthritis, or endophthalmitis
- Isolated bacteremia with fever, typically recently after chemotherapy causing neutropenia
- Gastrointestional inoculation followed by lymphatic dissemination, causing peritonitis, pelvic masses, and mesenteric adenitis
- Others include otitis media with mastoiditis, colonic polyp infection, and osteomyelitis
Management
- Treatment usually 6 months or longer
