Dimorphic fungi: Difference between revisions
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* Fungi that exist in a mold form at lower temperatures in the environment, and a yeast form at higher temperatures in the host body |
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== Species == |
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* [[Cryptococcus]] does exhibit dimorphism, though it is predominately yeast and its dimorphism is not likely related to disease |
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* ''[[Coccidioides immitis]]'' and ''[[Coccidioides posadasii]]'' |
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* ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]'' and ''[[Cryptococcus gattii]]'' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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!Organism |
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!Distribution |
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!Diseases |
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!Treatment |
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|eastern US and Canada, with some reported in Africa |
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|pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection |
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|[[itraconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] induction if severe) |
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|[[Coccidioides species]] |
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|southwestern US and parts of South and Central America |
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|pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection |
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|[[fluconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] and [[flucytosine]] induction if severe) |
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|worldwide, including eastern North America, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia |
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|pulmonary infection, CNS infection |
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|[[itraconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] induction if severe) |
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|[[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]] |
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|South America |
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|essentially worldwide |
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|[[nodular lymphangitis]] |
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|[[itraconazole]] |
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|[[Talaromyces marneffei]] |
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|Southeast Asia |
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[[File:Histoplasmosis_map.png|frame|Histoplasmosis]] |
[[File:Histoplasmosis_map.png|frame|Histoplasmosis]] |
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Revision as of 18:41, 20 August 2020
- Fungi that exist in a mold form at lower temperatures in the environment, and a yeast form at higher temperatures in the host body
- Cryptococcus does exhibit dimorphism, though it is predominately yeast and its dimorphism is not likely related to disease
| Organism | Distribution | Diseases | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blastomyces species | eastern US and Canada, with some reported in Africa | pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection | itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe) |
| Coccidioides species | southwestern US and parts of South and Central America | pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection | fluconazole (with amphotericin B and flucytosine induction if severe) |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | worldwide, including eastern North America, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia | pulmonary infection, CNS infection | itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe) |
| Paracoccidioides brasiliensis | South America | ||
| Sporothrix schenckii | essentially worldwide | nodular lymphangitis | itraconazole |
| Talaromyces marneffei | Southeast Asia |
Distribution
- Endemic dimorphic fungi are widely distributed1
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiomycosis
Blastomycosis
References
- ^ Ashraf N, Kubat RC, Poplin V, Adenis AA, Denning DW, Wright L, McCotter O, Schwartz IS, Jackson BR, Chiller T, Bahr NC. Re-drawing the Maps for Endemic Mycoses.. Mycopathologia. 2020. doi:10.1007/s11046-020-00431-2. PMID 32040709.
- ^ J Peter Donnelly, Sharon C Chen, Carol A Kauffman, William J Steinbach, John W Baddley, Paul E Verweij, Cornelius J Clancy, John R Wingard, Shawn R Lockhart, Andreas H Groll, Tania C Sorrell, Matteo Bassetti, Hamdi Akan, Barbara D Alexander, David Andes, Elie Azoulay, Ralf Bialek, Robert W Bradsher, Stephane Bretagne, Thierry Calandra, Angela M Caliendo, Elio Castagnola, Mario Cruciani, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, Catherine F Decker, Sujal R Desai, Brian Fisher, Thomas Harrison, Claus Peter Heussel, Henrik E Jensen, Christopher C Kibbler, Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis, Bart-Jan Kullberg, Katrien Lagrou, Frédéric Lamoth, Thomas Lehrnbecher, Jurgen Loeffler, Olivier Lortholary, Johan Maertens, Oscar Marchetti, Kieren A Marr, Henry Masur, Jacques F Meis, C Orla Morrisey, Marcio Nucci, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Livio Pagano, Thomas F Patterson, John R Perfect, Zdenek Racil, Emmanuel Roilides, Marcus Ruhnke, Cornelia Schaefer Prokop, Shmuel Shoham, Monica A Slavin, David A Stevens, George R Thompson, Jose A Vazquez, Claudio Viscoli, Thomas J Walsh, Adilia Warris, L Joseph Wheat, P Lewis White, Theoklis E Zaoutis, Peter G Pappas. Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2019;71(6):1367-1376. doi:10.1093/cid/ciz1008.
