Rickettsioses: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:54, 29 July 2020

Species	Disease	Vector	Clinical Clues
Rickettsiae: Spotted fever group
Rickettsia rickettsii	Rocky Mountain spotted fever	Multiple Dermacentor, Amblyomma, and Rhipicephalus ticks	Centripetal rash without eschar in the Americas
Rickettsia conorii	Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever	Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks	Rash with eschar, predominantly Mediterranean and Black Sea
Rickettsia japonica	Oriental spotter fever	Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, or Ixodes ticks	Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia
Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae		Rickettsia sanguineus	Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, or Asia
Rickettsia sibirica sibirica		Dermacentor ticks	Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia or southern Russia
Rickettsia australis		Ixodes ticks	Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Australia
Rickettsia slovaca	Tick-borne lymphadenopathy	Dermacentor marginatus	Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe
Rickettsia africae	African tick-bite fever	Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum	Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or the Caribbean
Rickettsia honei		Bothriocroton, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, or Rhipicephalus ticks	Rash with eschar acquired in Flinders Islands, eastern Australia, Thailand, or Nepal
Rickettsia aeschlimanii		Hyalomma or Rhipicephalus ticks	Rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or Europe
Rickettsia helvetica		Tick
Rickettsia parkeri		Amblyomma maculatum ticks	Rash with eschar, acquired in the Americas
Rickettsia heilongjianghensis		Dermacentor or Haemaphysalis ticks	Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia
Rickettsia raoultii		Dermacentor ticks	Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe
Rickettsia massiliae		Rickettsia sanguineous	Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Rickettsia amblyommii		Tick
Rickettsia monacensis		Tick
Rickettsia philipii strain 364D		Dermcentor occidentalis	Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in California
Rickettsia felis		Flea	Rash with eschar and flea exposure
Rickettsia akari	Rickettsialpox	Liponyssoides sanguineus house mouse mites	Vesicular rash with eschar, worldwide
Rickettiae: Typhus group
Rickettsia typhi	Endemic (murine) typhus	Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea) and Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)	Centrifugal rash without eschar in the tropics or subtropics, with flea exposure
Rickettsia prowazekii	Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus	Pediculus humanus humanus (human body louse)	Centrifugal rash without eschar, with exposure to flying squirrel or other
Rickettsiae: Scrub typhus group
Orientia tsutsugamushi	Scrub typhus	Leptotrombidium mites (chiggers, trombiculid mites)	Rash with eschar, acquired in Asian Pacific, Chile, or Dubai
Anaplasma
Amblyomma phagocytophilum	Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis	Tick
Ehrlichia
Ehrlichia chaffeensis	Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis	Amblyomma americanum ticks (the Lone Star tick)
Ehrlichia ewingii	Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis	Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis ticks
Ehrlichia canis		Tick
Other
Neoehrlichia mikurensis		Tick
Neorickettsia sennetsu		Raw fish
Wolbachia species		Helminths

Management

First-line for essentially all infections is doxycycline 100 mg po BID, continue for 3 days following resolution of symptoms
Alternatives include azithromycin and chloramphenicol

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ! colspan=4 | Rickettsiae: Spotted fever group
 |-
-| ''[[R. rickettsii]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia rickettsii]]''
 | Rocky Mountain spotted fever
 | Multiple ''[[Dermacentor]]'', ''[[Amblyomma]]'', and ''[[Rhipicephalus]]'' ticks
 | Centripetal rash without eschar in the Americas
 |-
-| ''[[R. conorii]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia conorii]]''
 | Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever
 | ''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' ticks
 | Rash with eschar, predominantly Mediterranean and Black Sea
 |-
-| ''[[R. japonica]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia japonica]]''
 | Oriental spotter fever
 | ''[[Dermacentor]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]]'', or ''[[Ixodes]]'' ticks
 | Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia
 |-
-| ''[[R. sibirica]] mongolitimonae''
+| ''[[Rickettsia sibirica]] mongolitimonae''
 |
-| ''[[R. sanguineus]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia sanguineus]]''
 | Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, or Asia
 |-
-| ''[[R. sibirica]] sibirica''
+| ''[[Rickettsia sibirica]] sibirica''
 |
 | ''[[Dermacentor]]'' ticks
 | Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia or southern Russia
 |-
-| ''[[R. australis]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia australis]]''
 |
 | ''[[Ixodes]]'' ticks
 | Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Australia
 |-
-| ''[[R. slovaca]]
+| ''[[Rickettsia slovaca]]
 | Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
 | ''[[Dermacentor marginatus]]''
 | Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe
 |-
-| ''[[R. africae]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia africae]]''
 | African tick-bite fever
 | ''[[Amblyomma hebraeum]]'' and ''[[Amblyomma variegatum]]''
 | Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or the Caribbean
 |-
-| ''[[R. honei]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia honei]]''
 |
 | ''[[Bothriocroton]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]]'', ''[[Ixodes]]'', or ''[[Rhipicephalus]]'' ticks
 | Rash with eschar acquired in Flinders Islands, eastern Australia, Thailand, or Nepal
 |-
-| ''[[R. aeschlimanii]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia aeschlimanii]]''
 |
 | ''[[Hyalomma]]'' or ''[[Rhipicephalus]]'' ticks
 | Rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or Europe
 |-
-| ''[[R. helvetica]]'' || || Tick ||
+| ''[[Rickettsia helvetica]]'' || || Tick ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. parkeri]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia parkeri]]''
 |
-| ''[[A. maculatum]]'' ticks
+| ''[[Amblyomma maculatum]]'' ticks
 | Rash with eschar, acquired in the Americas
 |-
-| ''[[R. heilongjianghensis]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia heilongjianghensis]]''
 |
 | ''[[Dermacentor]]'' or ''[[Haemaphysalis]]'' ticks
 | Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia
 |-
-| ''[[R. raoultii]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia raoultii]]''
 |
 | ''[[Dermacentor]]'' ticks
 | Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe
 |-
-| ''[[R. massiliae]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia massiliae]]''
 |
-| ''[[R. sanguineous]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia sanguineous]]''
 | Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, and the Americas
 |-
-| ''[[R. amblyommii]]'' || || Tick ||
+| ''[[Rickettsia amblyommii]]'' || || Tick ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. monacensis]]'' || || Tick ||
+| ''[[Rickettsia monacensis]]'' || || Tick ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. philipii]]'' strain 364D
+| ''[[Rickettsia philipii]]'' strain 364D
 |
 | ''[[Dermcentor occidentalis]]''
 | Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in California
 |-
-| ''[[R. felis]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia felis]]''
 |
 | Flea
 | Rash with eschar and flea exposure
 |-
-| ''[[R. akari]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia akari]]''
 | Rickettsialpox
 | ''[[Liponyssoides sanguineus]]'' house mouse mites
@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 ! colspan=4 | Rickettiae: Typhus group
 |-
-| ''[[R. typhi]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia typhi]]''
 | Endemic (murine) typhus
 | ''[[Xenopsylla cheopis]]'' (rat flea) and ''[[Ctenocephalides felis]]'' (cat flea)
 | Centrifugal rash without eschar in the tropics or subtropics, with flea exposure
 |-
-| ''[[R. prowazekii]]''
+| ''[[Rickettsia prowazekii]]''
 | Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus
 | ''[[Pediculus humanus humanus]]'' (human body louse)
@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 ! colspan=4 | Anaplasma
 |-
-| ''[[A. phagocytophilum]]''
+| ''[[Amblyomma phagocytophilum]]''
 | Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
 | Tick
@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 ! colspan=4 | Ehrlichia
 |-
-| ''[[E. chaffeensis]]''
+| ''[[Ehrlichia chaffeensis]]''
 | Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
 | ''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'' ticks (the Lone Star tick)
 |
 |-
-| ''[[E. ewingii]]''
+| ''[[Ehrlichia ewingii]]''
 | Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
-| ''[[A. americanum]]'' and ''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'' ticks
+| ''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'' and ''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'' ticks
 |
 |-
-| ''[[E. canis]]'' || || Tick ||
+| ''[[Ehrlichia canis]]'' || || Tick ||
 |-
 ! colspan=4 | Other

Rickettsioses: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:54, 29 July 2020

Management

Further Reading