Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: Difference between revisions
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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* One of the [[human herpesviruses]] (family [[Family::Herpesviridae]], subfamily [[Subfamily::Gammaherpesvirinae|''Gammaherpesvirinae'']]) |
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* Seroprevalence |
* Seroprevalence varies by geography and group |
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** US general population 1-5% |
** US general population 1-5% |
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** US men who have sex with men 15-20% |
** US men who have sex with men 15-20% |
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** Some Mediterranean countries 10-20% |
** Some Mediterranean countries 10-20% |
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** Sub-Saharan African countries 30-80% |
** Sub-Saharan African countries 30-80% |
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* Possibly transmitted through saliva or sex |
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== Clinical Manifestations == |
== Clinical Manifestations == |
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* Mostly asymptomatic |
* Mostly asymptomatic |
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* Primary infection consists of fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and bone marrow failure, and may rapidly progress to [[Kaposi sarcoma]] |
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* [[Kaposi sarcoma]] |
* [[Kaposi sarcoma]] (KS) |
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** Hyperpigmented macules or nodules |
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** Mostly skin but can include mouth, respiratory tract, and GI tract as well |
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* Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) |
* Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) |
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** Causes effusions isolated |
** Causes effusions isolated to the pleural, pericardial, or abdominal cavities |
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** Occasionally causes mass lesions and extracavitary disease within skin, hematopoietic organs, and the GI |
** Occasionally causes mass lesions and extracavitary disease within skin, hematopoietic organs, and the GI tract |
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* Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) |
* [[Multicentric Castleman disease]] (MCD) |
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** Causes systemic symptoms including fever and night sweats, generalized adenopathy, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly |
** Causes systemic symptoms including fever and night sweats, generalized adenopathy, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly |
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* Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS) |
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** Like MCD but without pathology demonstrating MCD |
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** Patients are often critically ill |
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== Management == |
== Management == |
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* |
* For [[Kaposi sarcoma]] with symptomatic visceral involvement, chemotherapy is recommended |
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** May be indicated for disseminated cutaneous KS as well |
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== Further Reading == |
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* Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. NIH, CDC, HIVMA, and IDSA. Available at https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infection |
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[[Category:Human herpesviruses]] |
[[Category:Human herpesviruses]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:39, 26 October 2023
Background
- One of the human herpesviruses (family Herpesviridae, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae)
- Seroprevalence varies by geography and group
- US general population 1-5%
- US men who have sex with men 15-20%
- US MSM with HIV 30-35%
- Some Mediterranean countries 10-20%
- Sub-Saharan African countries 30-80%
- Possibly transmitted through saliva or sex
Clinical Manifestations
- Mostly asymptomatic
- Primary infection consists of fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and bone marrow failure, and may rapidly progress to Kaposi sarcoma
- Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
- Hyperpigmented macules or nodules
- Mostly skin but can include mouth, respiratory tract, and GI tract as well
- Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL)
- Causes effusions isolated to the pleural, pericardial, or abdominal cavities
- Occasionally causes mass lesions and extracavitary disease within skin, hematopoietic organs, and the GI tract
- Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD)
- Causes systemic symptoms including fever and night sweats, generalized adenopathy, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly
- Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS)
- Like MCD but without pathology demonstrating MCD
- Patients are often critically ill
Management
- For Kaposi sarcoma with symptomatic visceral involvement, chemotherapy is recommended
- May be indicated for disseminated cutaneous KS as well
Further Reading
- Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. NIH, CDC, HIVMA, and IDSA. Available at https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infection
