Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
(Created page with "== Background == * Seroprevalence variés by geography and group ** US general population 1-5% ** US men who have sex with men 15-20% ** US MSM with HIV 30-35% ** Some Mediterranean countries 10-20% ** Sub-Saharan African countries 30-80% == Clinical Manifestations == * Mostly asymptomatic * Kaposi sarcoma == Management == * See Kaposi sarcoma Category:Human herpesviruses")  |
m (→â€)  |
||
| (6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== Background == |
== Background == |
||
* One of the [[human herpesviruses]] (family [[Family::Herpesviridae]], subfamily [[Subfamily::Gammaherpesvirinae|''Gammaherpesvirinae'']]) |
|||
* Seroprevalence |
* Seroprevalence varies by geography and group |
||
** US general population 1-5% |
** US general population 1-5% |
||
** US men who have sex with men 15-20% |
** US men who have sex with men 15-20% |
||
| Line 6: | Line 7: | ||
** Some Mediterranean countries 10-20% |
** Some Mediterranean countries 10-20% |
||
** Sub-Saharan African countries 30-80% |
** Sub-Saharan African countries 30-80% |
||
* Possibly transmitted through saliva or sex |
|||
== Clinical Manifestations == |
== Clinical Manifestations == |
||
* Mostly asymptomatic |
* Mostly asymptomatic |
||
* Primary infection consists of fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and bone marrow failure, and may rapidly progress to [[Kaposi sarcoma]] |
|||
* [[Kaposi sarcoma]] |
* [[Kaposi sarcoma]] (KS) |
||
** Hyperpigmented macules or nodules |
|||
** Mostly skin but can include mouth, respiratory tract, and GI tract as well |
|||
* Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) |
|||
** Causes effusions isolated to the pleural, pericardial, or abdominal cavities |
|||
** Occasionally causes mass lesions and extracavitary disease within skin, hematopoietic organs, and the GI tract |
|||
* [[Multicentric Castleman disease]] (MCD) |
|||
** Causes systemic symptoms including fever and night sweats, generalized adenopathy, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly |
|||
* Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS) |
|||
** Like MCD but without pathology demonstrating MCD |
|||
** Patients are often critically ill |
|||
== Management == |
== Management == |
||
* |
* For [[Kaposi sarcoma]] with symptomatic visceral involvement, chemotherapy is recommended |
||
** May be indicated for disseminated cutaneous KS as well |
|||
== Further Reading == |
|||
* Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. NIH, CDC, HIVMA, and IDSA. Available at https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infection |
|||
[[Category:Human herpesviruses]] |
[[Category:Human herpesviruses]] |
||
Latest revision as of 13:39, 26 October 2023
Background
- One of the human herpesviruses (family Herpesviridae, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae)
- Seroprevalence varies by geography and group
- US general population 1-5%
- US men who have sex with men 15-20%
- US MSM with HIV 30-35%
- Some Mediterranean countries 10-20%
- Sub-Saharan African countries 30-80%
- Possibly transmitted through saliva or sex
Clinical Manifestations
- Mostly asymptomatic
- Primary infection consists of fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and bone marrow failure, and may rapidly progress to Kaposi sarcoma
- Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
- Hyperpigmented macules or nodules
- Mostly skin but can include mouth, respiratory tract, and GI tract as well
- Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL)
- Causes effusions isolated to the pleural, pericardial, or abdominal cavities
- Occasionally causes mass lesions and extracavitary disease within skin, hematopoietic organs, and the GI tract
- Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD)
- Causes systemic symptoms including fever and night sweats, generalized adenopathy, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly
- Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS)
- Like MCD but without pathology demonstrating MCD
- Patients are often critically ill
Management
- For Kaposi sarcoma with symptomatic visceral involvement, chemotherapy is recommended
- May be indicated for disseminated cutaneous KS as well
Further Reading
- Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. NIH, CDC, HIVMA, and IDSA. Available at https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infection
