Hepatitis E virus: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
(→) |
(added more virology info) |
||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== Background == |
== Background == |
||
=== Microbiology === |
=== Microbiology === |
||
* |
* Refers to viruses in the [[Family::Hepeviridae]] family of RNA viruses |
||
** Genus [[Genus::Orthohepevirus]], which infects terrestrial mammals and contains species A-D |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
*** HEV-A is the main human pathogen |
|||
**** Genotypes 1 and 2 only infect humans |
|||
**** Genotypes 3 and 4 circulate in pigs but can infect humans |
|||
*** HEV-C circulates in rodents and ferrets |
|||
** Genus [[Piscihepevirus]], which infects the cutthroat trout and is not of clinical interest |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
=== Epidemiology === |
=== Epidemiology === |
||
* Present globally |
|||
* g1 and g2 are more common in developing countries |
* g1 and g2 are more common in developing countries |
||
** Cause epidemic hepatitis |
** Cause epidemic hepatitis |
||
| Line 12: | Line 19: | ||
** Zoonoses associated with pigs; humans are incidental hosts |
** Zoonoses associated with pigs; humans are incidental hosts |
||
** Most severe infections in pregnant women |
** Most severe infections in pregnant women |
||
* May also be transmitted by transplant or transfusion |
|||
== Clinical Manifestations == |
== Clinical Manifestations == |
||
| Line 20: | Line 28: | ||
** [[Cholestasis]] more common in pregnant women |
** [[Cholestasis]] more common in pregnant women |
||
* Liver enzyme abnormalities, over 1000 initially, and [[Causes::hyperbilirubinemia]] |
* Liver enzyme abnormalities, over 1000 initially, and [[Causes::hyperbilirubinemia]] |
||
* |
* Usually self-limited, but some patients progress to fulminant hepatitis |
||
* In immunocompromised patients, may lead to chronic infection and [[cirrhosis]] |
|||
* Particularly high mortality rate in pregnant women (25% in third trimester) |
* Particularly high mortality rate in pregnant women (25% in third trimester) |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Hepeviridae]] |
||
Latest revision as of 13:38, 30 August 2022
Background
Microbiology
- Refers to viruses in the Hepeviridae family of RNA viruses
- Genus Orthohepevirus, which infects terrestrial mammals and contains species A-D
- HEV-A is the main human pathogen
- Genotypes 1 and 2 only infect humans
- Genotypes 3 and 4 circulate in pigs but can infect humans
- HEV-C circulates in rodents and ferrets
- HEV-A is the main human pathogen
- Genus Piscihepevirus, which infects the cutthroat trout and is not of clinical interest
- Genus Orthohepevirus, which infects terrestrial mammals and contains species A-D
- Four genotypes, g1 through g4
Epidemiology
- Present globally
- g1 and g2 are more common in developing countries
- Cause epidemic hepatitis
- Transmitted fecal-orally
- Associated with contaminated water and poor sanitation
- g3 and g4 more common in the North America and Europe
- Zoonoses associated with pigs; humans are incidental hosts
- Most severe infections in pregnant women
- May also be transmitted by transplant or transfusion
Clinical Manifestations
- Incubation period of about 4 to 6 weeks
- Flu-like prodrome lasting 1 to 10 days with a low-grade fever, followed by hepatitis
- May develop pale stools, dark urine, and jaundice
- Hepatomegaly and sometimes splenomegaly
- Cholestasis more common in pregnant women
- Liver enzyme abnormalities, over 1000 initially, and hyperbilirubinemia
- Usually self-limited, but some patients progress to fulminant hepatitis
- In immunocompromised patients, may lead to chronic infection and cirrhosis
- Particularly high mortality rate in pregnant women (25% in third trimester)
