Parasites: Difference between revisions
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| − | * Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms |
+ | * Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process |
| + | ** Compare to mutualism or commensalism |
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| − | |||
| + | * Includes [[protozoa]], [[helminths]], and [[ectoparasites]] |
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| − | == Single-celled (protozoa) == |
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| − | * '''Amoebae''': pseudopodia |
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| − | ** Obligate parasites |
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| − | *** Non-pathogenic |
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| − | **** ''[[Entamoeba coli]]'', ''[[Entamoeba dispar]]'', ''[[Entamoeba hartmanii]]'', and ''[[Entamoeba polecki]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Endolimax nana]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Iodamoeba buetschlii]]'' |
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| − | *** Pathogenic |
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| − | **** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Blastocystis hominis]]'' (maybe) |
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| − | ** Facultative free-living parasites |
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| − | *** ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'': causes [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]] |
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| − | *** ''[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]'': causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
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| − | *** [[Acanthamoeba species]]: cause [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] and [[amoebic keratitis]] |
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| − | * '''Flagellates''': regular flagella or kinetoplastic flagella |
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| − | ** Non-kinetoplastic flagellates |
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| − | *** Pathogenic |
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| − | **** Intestinal: ''[[Giardia lamblia]]'' and ''[[Dientamoeba fragilis]]'' |
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| − | **** Genitourinary: ''[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]'' |
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| − | *** Non-pathogenic |
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| − | **** Intestinal: ''[[Chilomastix mesnili]]'', ''[[Pentatrichomonas hominis]]'' |
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| − | **** Oral: ''[[Trichomonas tenax]]'' |
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| − | ** Kinetoplastid flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end |
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| − | *** [[Trypanosoma species]] |
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| − | **** ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]'': causes [[American trypanosomiasis]] |
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| − | **** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'': causes [[human African trypanosomiasis]] |
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| − | ***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''gambiense'': causes [[West African trypanosomiasis]] |
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| − | ***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''rhodesiense'': causes [[East African trypanosomiasis]] |
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| − | ***** Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease |
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| − | *** [[Leishmania species]] |
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| − | **** Old World, visceralizing: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (in India) |
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| − | **** Old World, tegumentary: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (Sri Lanka), ''L. major'', ''L. tropica'' |
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| − | **** New World, visceralizing: ''L. chagasi'' (genetically identical to ''L. infantum'') |
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| − | **** New World, tegumentary: |
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| − | ***** Viannia group (should be treated systemically): ''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'', ''L. guyanensis'' |
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| − | ***** Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): ''L. mexicana'' |
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| − | * '''Apicomplexa''': gliding, sexual reproduction |
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| − | ** Hemosporidia |
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| − | *** [[Plasmodium species]] |
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| − | *** [[Babesia species]] |
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| − | ** Coccidia (not a microbiologically-sound category) |
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| − | *** Blood and tissue |
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| − | **** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'' |
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| − | **** [[Sarcocystis species]] |
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| − | *** Gut |
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| − | **** [[Cryptosporidium species]] |
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| − | **** ''[[Cyclospora cayetanensis]]'' |
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| − | **** [[Cystoisopora species]] |
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| − | **** [[Sarcocystis species]] |
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| − | * '''Ciliates''': cilia |
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| − | ** ''[[Balantidium coli]]'' |
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| − | == Multicellular (helminths) == |
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| − | * '''Nematodes''' (roundworms) |
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| − | ** Filarial/filariasis |
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| − | *** [[Lymphatic filariasis]] (elephantiasis) |
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| − | **** ''[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Brugia malayi]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Brugia timori]]'' |
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| − | *** Subsutaneous/tissue |
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| − | **** ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Loa loa]]'' |
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| − | *** Serous |
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| − | **** ''[[Mansonella perstans]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Mansonella ozzardi]]'' |
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| − | ** Non-filarial |
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| − | *** Soil-transmitted |
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| − | **** ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]'' (great roundworm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Trichuris trichiura]]'' (whipworm) |
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| − | **** Hookworm |
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| − | ***** ''[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]'' (Old World hookworm) |
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| − | ***** ''[[Necator americanus]]'' (New World hookworm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]'' (threadworm) |
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| − | *** Non-soil-transmitted |
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| − | **** ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' (pinworm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Trichinella spiralis]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Balisascaris procyonis]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Dracunculus medinensis]]'' (Guinea worm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Anisakis]]'' (herring worm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Gnathostoma]]'' |
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| − | * '''Cestodes''' (tapeworms) |
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| − | ** ''[[Taenia saginata]]'' |
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| − | ** ''[[Taenia solium]]'' |
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| − | *** Adult worm |
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| − | *** Neurocysticercosis |
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| − | ** ''[[Echinococcus]]'' |
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| − | ** ''[[Diphyllobothrium]]'' |
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| − | * '''Trematodes''' (flatworms/flukes) |
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| − | ** Lung: [[Paragonimus species]] |
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| − | ** Liver |
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| − | *** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' (common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke) |
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| − | *** ''[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]'' (Southeast Asian liver fluke) |
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| − | *** ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'' (Chinese liver fluke) |
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| − | *** ''[[Metorchis conjunctus]]'' (Canadian liver fluke) |
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| − | *** ''[[Dicrocoelium dendriticum]]'' (lancet liver fluke) |
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| − | ** Intestinal |
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| − | *** ''[[Echinostoma revolutum]]'' |
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| − | *** ''[[Fasciolopsis buskii]]'' |
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| − | *** [[Metagonimus species]] |
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| − | *** ''[[Heterophyes heterophyes]]'' |
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| − | ** Blood: [[Schistosoma species]] |
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| − | *** ''[[Schistosoma haematobium]]'' |
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| − | *** ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]'' |
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| − | == Ectoparasites == |
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| − | * Fleas |
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| − | * Lice |
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| − | ** Body lice |
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| − | ** Head lice |
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| − | ** Pubic lice |
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| − | * [[Scabies]] |
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| − | * Myiasis |
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| − | ** ''[[Dermatobia hominis]]'' (human botfly) |
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| − | ** ''[[Cordylobia anthropophaga]]'' (tumbu fly) |
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| − | ** ''[[Cochliomyia hominivorax]]'' (New World screwworm fly) |
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| − | ** ''[[Chrysomya bezziana]]'' (Old World screwworm fly) |
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| − | * Tungiasis |
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| − | ** ''[[Tunga penetrans]]'' |
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[[Category:Organisms]] |
[[Category:Organisms]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:15, 18 December 2019
- Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process
- Compare to mutualism or commensalism
- Includes protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites
