Parasites: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:15, 18 December 2019

Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process
- Compare to mutualism or commensalism
Includes protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites

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-* Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms
+* Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process
+** Compare to mutualism or commensalism
+* Includes [[protozoa]], [[helminths]], and [[ectoparasites]]
-== Single-celled (protozoa) ==
-* '''Amoebae''': pseudopodia
-** Obligate parasites
-*** Non-pathogenic
-**** ''[[Entamoeba coli]]'', ''[[Entamoeba dispar]]'', ''[[Entamoeba hartmanii]]'', and ''[[Entamoeba polecki]]''
-**** ''[[Endolimax nana]]''
-**** ''[[Iodamoeba buetschlii]]''
-*** Pathogenic
-**** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''
-**** ''[[Blastocystis hominis]]'' (maybe)
-** Facultative free-living parasites
-*** ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'': causes [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]]
-*** ''[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]'': causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]]
-*** [[Acanthamoeba species]]: cause [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] and [[amoebic keratitis]]
-* '''Flagellates''': regular flagella or kinetoplastic flagella
-** Non-kinetoplastic flagellates
-*** Pathogenic
-**** Intestinal: ''[[Giardia lamblia]]'' and ''[[Dientamoeba fragilis]]''
-**** Genitourinary: ''[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]''
-*** Non-pathogenic
-**** Intestinal: ''[[Chilomastix mesnili]]'', ''[[Pentatrichomonas hominis]]''
-**** Oral: ''[[Trichomonas tenax]]''
-** Kinetoplastid flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end
-*** [[Trypanosoma species]]
-**** ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]'': causes [[American trypanosomiasis]]
-**** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'': causes [[human African trypanosomiasis]]
-***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''gambiense'': causes [[West African trypanosomiasis]]
-***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''rhodesiense'': causes [[East African trypanosomiasis]]
-***** Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease
-*** [[Leishmania species]]
-**** Old World, visceralizing: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (in India)
-**** Old World, tegumentary: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (Sri Lanka), ''L. major'', ''L. tropica''
-**** New World, visceralizing: ''L. chagasi'' (genetically identical to ''L. infantum'')
-**** New World, tegumentary:
-***** Viannia group (should be treated systemically): ''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'', ''L. guyanensis''
-***** Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): ''L. mexicana''
-* '''Apicomplexa''': gliding, sexual reproduction
-** Hemosporidia
-*** [[Plasmodium species]]
-*** [[Babesia species]]
-** Coccidia (not a microbiologically-sound category)
-*** Blood and tissue
-**** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
-**** [[Sarcocystis species]]
-*** Gut
-**** [[Cryptosporidium species]]
-**** ''[[Cyclospora cayetanensis]]''
-**** [[Cystoisopora species]]
-**** [[Sarcocystis species]]
-* '''Ciliates''': cilia
-** ''[[Balantidium coli]]''
-== Multicellular (helminths) ==
-* '''Nematodes''' (roundworms)
-** Filarial/filariasis
-*** [[Lymphatic filariasis]] (elephantiasis)
-**** ''[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]''
-**** ''[[Brugia malayi]]''
-**** ''[[Brugia timori]]''
-*** Subsutaneous/tissue
-**** ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]''
-**** ''[[Loa loa]]''
-*** Serous
-**** ''[[Mansonella perstans]]''
-**** ''[[Mansonella ozzardi]]''
-** Non-filarial
-*** Soil-transmitted
-**** ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]'' (great roundworm)
-**** ''[[Trichuris trichiura]]'' (whipworm)
-**** Hookworm
-***** ''[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]'' (Old World hookworm)
-***** ''[[Necator americanus]]'' (New World hookworm)
-**** ''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]'' (threadworm)
-*** Non-soil-transmitted
-**** ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' (pinworm)
-**** ''[[Trichinella spiralis]]''
-**** ''[[Balisascaris procyonis]]''
-**** ''[[Dracunculus medinensis]]'' (Guinea worm)
-**** ''[[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]]''
-**** ''[[Anisakis]]'' (herring worm)
-**** ''[[Gnathostoma]]''
-* '''Cestodes''' (tapeworms)
-** ''[[Taenia saginata]]''
-** ''[[Taenia solium]]''
-*** Adult worm
-*** Neurocysticercosis
-** ''[[Echinococcus]]''
-** ''[[Diphyllobothrium]]''
-* '''Trematodes''' (flatworms/flukes)
-** Lung: [[Paragonimus species]]
-** Liver
-*** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' (common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke)
-*** ''[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]'' (Southeast Asian liver fluke)
-*** ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'' (Chinese liver fluke)
-*** ''[[Metorchis conjunctus]]'' (Canadian liver fluke)
-*** ''[[Dicrocoelium dendriticum]]'' (lancet liver fluke)
-** Intestinal
-*** ''[[Echinostoma revolutum]]''
-*** ''[[Fasciolopsis buskii]]''
-*** [[Metagonimus species]]
-*** ''[[Heterophyes heterophyes]]''
-** Blood: [[Schistosoma species]]
-*** ''[[Schistosoma haematobium]]''
-*** ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]''
-== Ectoparasites ==
-* Fleas
-* Lice
-** Body lice
-** Head lice
-** Pubic lice
-* [[Scabies]]
-* Myiasis
-** ''[[Dermatobia hominis]]'' (human botfly)
-** ''[[Cordylobia anthropophaga]]'' (tumbu fly)
-** ''[[Cochliomyia hominivorax]]'' (New World screwworm fly)
-** ''[[Chrysomya bezziana]]'' (Old World screwworm fly)
-* Tungiasis
-** ''[[Tunga penetrans]]''
 [[Category:Organisms]]