Parasites: Difference between revisions
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* Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms |
* Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process |
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** Compare to mutualism or commensalism |
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* Includes [[protozoa]], [[helminths]], and [[ectoparasites]] |
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== Single-celled (protozoa) == |
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* '''Amoebae''': pseudopodia |
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** Obligate parasites |
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*** Non-pathogenic |
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**** ''[[Entamoeba coli]]'', ''[[Entamoeba dispar]]'', ''[[Entamoeba hartmanii]]'', and ''[[Entamoeba polecki]]'' |
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**** ''[[Endolimax nana]]'' |
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**** ''[[Iodamoeba buetschlii]]'' |
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*** Pathogenic |
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**** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' |
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**** ''[[Blastocystis hominis]]'' (maybe) |
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** Facultative free-living parasites |
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*** ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'': causes [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]] |
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*** ''[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]'': causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
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*** [[Acanthamoeba species]]: cause [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] and [[amoebic keratitis]] |
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* '''Flagellates''': regular flagella or kinetoplastic flagella |
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** Non-kinetoplastic flagellates |
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*** Pathogenic |
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**** Intestinal: ''[[Giardia lamblia]]'' and ''[[Dientamoeba fragilis]]'' |
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**** Genitourinary: ''[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]'' |
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*** Non-pathogenic |
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**** Intestinal: ''[[Chilomastix mesnili]]'', ''[[Pentatrichomonas hominis]]'' |
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**** Oral: ''[[Trichomonas tenax]]'' |
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** Kinetoplastid flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end |
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*** [[Trypanosoma species]] |
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**** ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]'': causes [[American trypanosomiasis]] |
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**** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'': causes [[human African trypanosomiasis]] |
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***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''gambiense'': causes [[West African trypanosomiasis]] |
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***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''rhodesiense'': causes [[East African trypanosomiasis]] |
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***** Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease |
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*** [[Leishmania species]] |
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**** Old World, visceralizing: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (in India) |
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**** Old World, tegumentary: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (Sri Lanka), ''L. major'', ''L. tropica'' |
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**** New World, visceralizing: ''L. chagasi'' (genetically identical to ''L. infantum'') |
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**** New World, tegumentary: |
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***** Viannia group (should be treated systemically): ''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'', ''L. guyanensis'' |
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***** Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): ''L. mexicana'' |
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* '''Apicomplexa''': gliding, sexual reproduction |
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** Hemosporidia |
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*** [[Plasmodium species]] |
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*** [[Babesia species]] |
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** Coccidia (not a microbiologically-sound category) |
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*** Blood and tissue |
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**** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'' |
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**** [[Sarcocystis species]] |
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*** Gut |
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**** [[Cryptosporidium species]] |
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**** ''[[Cyclospora cayetanensis]]'' |
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**** [[Cystoisopora species]] |
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**** [[Sarcocystis species]] |
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* '''Ciliates''': cilia |
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** ''[[Balantidium coli]]'' |
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== Multicellular (helminths) == |
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* '''Nematodes''' (roundworms) |
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** Filarial/filariasis |
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*** [[Lymphatic filariasis]] (elephantiasis) |
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**** ''[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]'' |
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**** ''[[Brugia malayi]]'' |
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**** ''[[Brugia timori]]'' |
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*** Subsutaneous/tissue |
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**** ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]'' |
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**** ''[[Loa loa]]'' |
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*** Serous |
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**** ''[[Mansonella perstans]]'' |
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**** ''[[Mansonella ozzardi]]'' |
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** Non-filarial |
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*** Soil-transmitted |
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**** ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]'' (great roundworm) |
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**** ''[[Trichuris trichiura]]'' (whipworm) |
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**** Hookworm |
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***** ''[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]'' (Old World hookworm) |
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***** ''[[Necator americanus]]'' (New World hookworm) |
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**** ''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]'' (threadworm) |
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*** Non-soil-transmitted |
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**** ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' (pinworm) |
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**** ''[[Trichinella spiralis]]'' |
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**** ''[[Balisascaris procyonis]]'' |
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**** ''[[Dracunculus medinensis]]'' (Guinea worm) |
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**** ''[[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]]'' |
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**** ''[[Anisakis]]'' (herring worm) |
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**** ''[[Gnathostoma]]'' |
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* '''Cestodes''' (tapeworms) |
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** ''[[Taenia saginata]]'' |
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** ''[[Taenia solium]]'' |
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*** Adult worm |
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*** Neurocysticercosis |
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** ''[[Echinococcus]]'' |
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** ''[[Diphyllobothrium]]'' |
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* '''Trematodes''' (flatworms/flukes) |
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** Lung |
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*** ''[[Paragonimus]]'' |
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** Liver |
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*** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' |
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*** ''[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]'' & ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'' |
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** Intestinal |
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*** ''[[Fasciolopsis]]'' |
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** ''[[Schistosoma]]'' |
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*** ''[[Schistosoma haematobium]]'' |
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*** ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]'' |
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== Ectoparasites == |
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* Fleas |
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* Lice |
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** Body lice |
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** Head lice |
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** Pubic lice |
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* [[Scabies]] |
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* Myiasis |
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** ''[[Dermatobia hominis]]'' (human botfly) |
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** ''[[Cordylobia anthropophaga]]'' (tumbu fly) |
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** ''[[Cochliomyia hominivorax]]'' (New World screwworm fly) |
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** ''[[Chrysomya bezziana]]'' (Old World screwworm fly) |
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* Tungiasis |
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** ''[[Tunga penetrans]]'' |
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[[Category:Organisms]] |
[[Category:Organisms]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:15, 18 December 2019
- Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process
- Compare to mutualism or commensalism
- Includes protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites
