Parasites: Difference between revisions
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| − | * Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms |
+ | * Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process |
| + | ** Compare to mutualism or commensalism |
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| − | |||
| + | * Includes [[protozoa]], [[helminths]], and [[ectoparasites]] |
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| − | == Single-celled (protozoa) == |
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| − | * '''Amoebae''' |
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| − | ** Obligate parasites |
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| − | *** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' |
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| − | *** Non-pathogenic: other [[Entamoeba species]] |
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| − | ** Facultative parasites (that are also free-living) |
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| − | *** [[Naegleria fowleri]]: causes [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]] |
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| − | *** [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]: causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
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| − | *** [[Acanthamoeba species]]: causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] and [[amoebic keratitis]] |
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| − | * '''Flagellates''' |
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| − | ** Non-kinetoplastic gut flagellates |
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| − | *** Pathogenic: [[Giardia lamblia]] and [[Dientamoeba fragilis]] |
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| − | *** Non-pathogenic: [[Chilomastix mesnili]] |
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| − | ** Non-kinetoplastic blood and tissue flagellates |
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| − | *** Pathogenic: [[Trichomonas vaginalis]] |
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| − | *** Non-pathogenic: [[Trichomonas tenax]] and [[Pentatrichomonas hominis]] |
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| − | ** Kinetoplastic flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end |
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| − | *** [[Trypanosoma species]] |
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| − | **** [[Trypanosoma cruzii]]: causes [[American trypanosomiasis]] |
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| − | **** [[Trypanosoma brucei]]: causes [[human African trypanosomiasis]] |
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| − | ***** [[Trypanosoma brucei]] subsp. gambiense: causes [[West African trypanosomiasis]] |
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| − | ***** [[Trypanosoma brucei]] subsp. rhodesiense: causes [[East African trypanosomiasis]] |
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| − | ***** Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease |
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| − | *** [[Leishmania species]] |
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| − | **** Old World, visceralizing: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (in India) |
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| − | **** Old World, tegumentary: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (Sri Lanka), ''L. major'', ''L. tropica'' |
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| − | **** New World, visceralizing: ''L. chagasi'' (genetically identical to ''L. infantum'') |
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| − | **** New World, tegumentary: |
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| − | ***** Viannia group (should be treated systemically): ''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'', ''L. guyanensis'' |
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| − | ***** Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): ''L. mexicana'' |
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| − | * '''Apicomplexa''' (sexual reproduction) |
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| − | ** Hemosporidia |
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| − | *** [[Plasmodium species]] |
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| − | *** [[Babesia species]] |
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| − | ** Coccidia (not a microbiologically-sound category) |
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| − | *** Blood and tissue: [[Toxoplasma gondii]] |
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| − | *** Gut: [[Cryptosporidium species]], [[Cyclospora species]], [[Cystoisopora species]] |
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| − | *** Both: [[Sarcocystis species]] |
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| − | * '''Ciliates''' |
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| − | ** ''[[Balantidium coli]]'' |
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| − | == Multicellular (helminths) == |
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| − | * '''Nematodes''' (roundworms) |
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| − | ** Filarial/filariasis |
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| − | *** [[Lymphatic filariasis]] (elephantiasis) |
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| − | **** ''[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Brugia malayi]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Brugia timori]]'' |
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| − | *** Subsutaneous/tissue |
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| − | **** ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Loa loa]]'' |
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| − | *** Serous |
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| − | **** ''[[Mansonella perstans]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Mansonella ozzardi]]'' |
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| − | ** Non-filarial |
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| − | *** Soil-transmitted |
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| − | **** ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]'' (great roundworm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Trichuris trichiura]]'' (whipworm) |
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| − | **** Hookworm |
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| − | ***** ''[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]'' (Old World hookworm) |
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| − | ***** ''[[Necator americanus]]'' (New World hookworm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]'' (threadworm) |
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| − | *** Non-soil-transmitted |
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| − | **** ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' (pinworm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Trichinella spiralis]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Balisascaris procyonis]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Dracunculus medinensis]]'' (Guinea worm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]]'' |
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| − | **** ''[[Anisakis]]'' (herring worm) |
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| − | **** ''[[Gnathostoma]]'' |
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| − | * '''Cestodes''' (tapeworms) |
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| − | ** ''[[Taenia saginata]]'' |
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| − | ** ''[[Taenia solium]]'' |
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| − | *** Adult worm |
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| − | *** Neurocysticercosis |
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| − | ** ''[[Echinococcus]]'' |
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| − | ** ''[[Diphyllobothrium]]'' |
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| − | * '''Trematodes''' (flatworms/flukes) |
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| − | ** Lung |
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| − | *** ''[[Paragonimus]]'' |
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| − | ** Liver |
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| − | *** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' |
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| − | *** ''[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]'' & ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'' |
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| − | ** Intestinal |
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| − | *** ''[[Fasciolopsis]]'' |
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| − | ** ''[[Schistosoma]]'' |
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| − | *** ''[[Schistosoma haematobium]]'' |
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| − | *** ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]'' |
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| − | == Ectoparasites == |
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| − | * Fleas |
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| − | * Lice |
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| − | ** Body lice |
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| − | ** Head lice |
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| − | ** Pubic lice |
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| − | * [[Scabies]] |
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| − | * Myiasis |
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| − | ** ''[[Dermatobia hominis]]'' (human botfly) |
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| − | ** ''[[Cordylobia anthropophaga]]'' (tumbu fly) |
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| − | ** ''[[Cochliomyia hominivorax]]'' (New World screwworm fly) |
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| − | ** ''[[Chrysomya bezziana]]'' (Old World screwworm fly) |
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| − | * Tungiasis |
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| − | ** ''[[Tunga penetrans]]'' |
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[[Category:Organisms]] |
[[Category:Organisms]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:15, 18 December 2019
- Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process
- Compare to mutualism or commensalism
- Includes protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites
