Visceral larva migrans: Difference between revisions
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==Background== |
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* Organisms that cause VLM include: {{#ask: [[Causes::visceral larva migrans]] | default=none}} |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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!Organism |
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!Host |
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!Notes |
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|- |
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|[[Toxocara canis]] |
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|canines |
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|most common cause in humans |
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|- |
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|[[Toxocara cati]] |
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|felines |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Baylisascaris procyonis]] |
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|raccoons |
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|causes neural larva migrans |
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|} |
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*Humans are dead-end hosts |
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==Clinical Manifestations== |
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*Most frequently in young children (who are effective at getting dirt into their mouths) |
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**Mean age 2 to 4 years |
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*Most infection is asymptomatic |
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*Severe symptoms [[Causes::eosinophilia]], [[Causes::fever]], and [[Causes::hepatomegaly]] |
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*Other common symptoms include [[Causes::cough]], [[Causes::wheezing]] |
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*Rarely, urticaria and nodules |
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*Very rarely, ocular involvement |
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==Different Diagnosis== |
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*Other parasites |
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**[[Baylisascaris procyonis]] |
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**[[Schistosomiasis|Acute schistosomiasis]] |
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**[[Fasciola hepatica]], [[Clonorchis sinensis]], and [[Opisthorchis viverrini]] |
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**[[Ascaris lumbricoides]] liver abscess |
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**[[Echinococcus]] |
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**[[Capillaria hepatica]] |
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*Other diseases |
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==Diagnosis== |
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*Mostly clinical ± serology |
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*May be able to see larvae on tissue histopathology |
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==Management== |
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*For mild or moderate disease, clinical monitoring is all that is needed as it self-resolves in most cases |
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*For severe or life-threatening disease, can try treating with [[Is treated by::albendazole]], [[Is treated by::mebendazole]], [[Is treated by::diethylcarbamazine]] |
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**Adjunctive corticosteroids are used due to intense inflammatory reaction to dying parasites |
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==Prevention== |
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*Do not eat dog, cat, or raccoon poop |
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*Keep sandboxes closed when not in use, and keep pets away from them |
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*Test and treat dogs regularly |
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[[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:55, 20 August 2020
Background
| Organism | Host | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Toxocara canis | canines | most common cause in humans |
| Toxocara cati | felines | |
| Baylisascaris procyonis | raccoons | causes neural larva migrans |
- Humans are dead-end hosts
Clinical Manifestations
- Most frequently in young children (who are effective at getting dirt into their mouths)
- Mean age 2 to 4 years
- Most infection is asymptomatic
- Severe symptoms eosinophilia, fever, and hepatomegaly
- Other common symptoms include cough, wheezing
- Rarely, urticaria and nodules
- Very rarely, ocular involvement
Different Diagnosis
- Other parasites
- Other diseases
Diagnosis
- Mostly clinical ± serology
- May be able to see larvae on tissue histopathology
Management
- For mild or moderate disease, clinical monitoring is all that is needed as it self-resolves in most cases
- For severe or life-threatening disease, can try treating with albendazole, mebendazole, diethylcarbamazine
- Adjunctive corticosteroids are used due to intense inflammatory reaction to dying parasites
Prevention
- Do not eat dog, cat, or raccoon poop
- Keep sandboxes closed when not in use, and keep pets away from them
- Test and treat dogs regularly
