Cephalosporins: Difference between revisions
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* Class of β-lactam antibiotics |
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* First-generation |
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* Cephamycins ([[cefoxitin]] and relatives) are commonly included under second-generation cephalosporin |
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** [[Cefazolin]] |
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** Narrower spectrum but resistance to [[β-lactamases]] |
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** [[Cephalothin]] |
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* Organized into generations, with increasing generations having broader gram-negative coverage but losing some gram-positive coverage |
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** [[Cephapirin]] |
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* Third-generation are considered extended-spectrum; therefore, [[β-lactamases]] that hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins are called [[extended-spectrum β-lactamases]] |
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** [[Cephradine]] |
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* Second-generation |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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** [[Cefamandole]] |
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!Generation |
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** [[Cefonicid]] |
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!Antibiotic |
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** [[Cefuroxime]] |
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!Route |
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* Third-generation |
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!Notes |
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** [[Cefoperazone]] |
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|- |
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** [[Cefotaxime]] |
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| rowspan="8" |First |
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** [[Ceftazidime]] |
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|[[cefadroxil]] |
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|PO |
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** [[Ceftriaxone]] |
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| |
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* Fourth-generation |
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|- |
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** [[Cefepime]] |
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|[[cefazolin]] |
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|IV |
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* Anti-MRSA |
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| |
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** [[Ceftaroline]] |
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|- |
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** [[Ceftobiprole]] |
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|[[cephacetrile]] |
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* Cephamycins |
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| |
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** [[Cefmetazole]] |
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| |
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** [[Cefotetan]] |
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|- |
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** [[Cefoxitin]] |
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|[[cephalexin]] |
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* Siderophore cephalosporin |
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|PO |
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** [[Cefiderocol]] |
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| |
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* Oral |
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|- |
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** [[Cefaclor]] |
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|[[cephaloridine]] |
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** [[Cefadroxil]] |
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| |
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** [[Cefdinir]] |
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** [[Cefditoren]] |
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|- |
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** [[Cefetamet]] |
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|[[cephalothin]] |
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|IV |
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** [[Cefpodoxime]] |
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|previously used to predict cefazolin susceptibilty |
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** [[Cefprozil]] |
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|- |
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** [[Ceftibuten]] |
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|[[cephapirin]] |
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| |
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** [[Cephalexin]] |
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| |
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** [[Cephradine]] |
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|- |
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|[[cephradine]] |
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|PO/IV |
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| |
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|- |
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| rowspan="9" |Second |
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|[[cefaclor]] |
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|PO |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefamandole]] |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefonicid]] |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[ceforanide]] |
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|- |
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|[[cefotiam]] |
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|PO/IV |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefprozil]] |
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|PO |
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|sometimes thought of as a third-generation |
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|- |
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|[[cefuroxime]] |
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|PO/IV |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefuzonam]] |
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| |
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|severe skin reactions |
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|- |
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|[[loracarbef]] |
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|PO |
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| |
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|- |
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| rowspan="4" |[[Cephamycins]] |
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|[[cefmetazole]] |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefotetan]] |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefoxitin]] |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[flomoxef]] |
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|- |
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| rowspan="12" |Third |
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|[[cefdinir]] |
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|PO |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefditoren]] |
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|PO |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefixime]] |
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|PO |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefoperazone]] |
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|IV |
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|[[Cefoperazone-sulbactam|coformulated with sulbactam]] |
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|- |
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|[[cefotaxime]] |
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|IV |
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|very similar to [[ceftriaxone]] |
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|- |
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|[[cefpiramide]] |
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| |
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|sometimes described as a fourth-generation; may be active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] |
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|- |
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|[[cefpodoxime]] |
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|PO |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[cefsulodin]] |
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|PO |
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|sometimes described as a fourth-generation; may be active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] |
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|- |
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|[[ceftazidime]] |
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|IV |
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|active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]; may be [[Ceftazidime-avibactam|coformulated with avibactam]] |
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|- |
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|[[ceftibuten]] |
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|PO |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[ceftizoxime]] |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[ceftriaxone]] |
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|IV |
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| |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" |Fourth |
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|[[cefepime]] |
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|IV |
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|active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] and [[AmpC β-lactamase|AmpC producers]] |
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|- |
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|[[cefpirome]] |
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| |
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|- |
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| rowspan="3" |Fifth |
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|[[ceftaroline]] |
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|IV |
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|active against MRSA; may be coformulated with [[Ceftazidime-avibactam|avibactam]] |
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|- |
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|[[ceftobiprole]] |
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|IV |
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|active against MRSA |
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|- |
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|[[ceftolozane]] |
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|IV |
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|[[Ceftolozane-tazobactam|coformulated with tazobactam]]; active against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] and [[Extended-spectrum β-lactamases|ESBL producers]] |
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|- |
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|Siderophore |
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|[[cefiderocol]] |
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|IV |
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|} |
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== Further Reading == |
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* Comparison of various cephalosporins at Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/d19tab1.htm |
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[[Category:Β-lactams]] |
[[Category:Β-lactams]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:12, 4 September 2022
- Class of β-lactam antibiotics
- Cephamycins (cefoxitin and relatives) are commonly included under second-generation cephalosporin
- Narrower spectrum but resistance to β-lactamases
- Organized into generations, with increasing generations having broader gram-negative coverage but losing some gram-positive coverage
- Third-generation are considered extended-spectrum; therefore, β-lactamases that hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins are called extended-spectrum β-lactamases
Further Reading
- Comparison of various cephalosporins at Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/d19tab1.htm
