Campylobacter: Difference between revisions
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Campylobacter
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===Microbiology=== |
===Microbiology=== |
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*Genus of oxidase [[Oxidase::positive]], catalase [[Catalase::positive]], curved, [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[ |
*Genus of oxidase [[Oxidase::positive]], catalase [[Catalase::positive]], curved, [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus|bacilli]] |
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*Includes [[Campylobacter jejuni]] and [[Campylobacter coli]] |
*Includes [[Campylobacter jejuni]] and [[Campylobacter coli]] |
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==Clinical Manifestations== |
==Clinical Manifestations== |
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*Enteric disease, with [[Acute gastroenteritis|acute blood gastroenteritis]], is most common with [[Campylobacter jejeni]] |
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**ALso seen with [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Campylobacter fetus]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter upsaliensis]], [[Arcobacter butzleri]], [[Arcobacter skirrowi]], and [[Arcobacter cryaerophilus]] |
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*Extraintestinal disease, with [[bacteremia]] and [[endovascular infection]], is most common with [[Campylobacter fetus]] subspecies ''fetus'' |
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**Also seen with [[Campylobacter jejuni]], [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter sputorum]], [[Campylobacter hyointestinalis]], and [[Helicobacter rappini]] |
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==Management== |
==Management== |
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=== Enteric Disease === |
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*No antibiotics needed if stable |
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*Supportive care |
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*Illness lasts on average 1.3 days |
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*No antibiotics needed if stable; treatment suggested if high fever, bloody diarrhea, more than 8 stools per daily, prolonged illness ≥7 days |
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*If requiring antibiotics, use [[Is treated by::ciprofloxacin]] or [[Is treated by::azithomycin]] for 5 days, or [[Is treated by::clarithromycin]] for 7 days |
*If requiring antibiotics, use [[Is treated by::ciprofloxacin]] or [[Is treated by::azithomycin]] for 5 days, or [[Is treated by::clarithromycin]] for 7 days |
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=== Extraintestinal Disease === |
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* Bacteremia with [[Campylobacter fetus]] should be treated with antibiotics, usually for at least 2 weeks |
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** Options include [[ampicillin]], [[imipenem]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[gentamicin]], [[fluoroquinolones]] if not resistant |
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* Endovascular infections often treated for 4 or more weeks |
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* Meningitis treated for 2 to 3 weeks |
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[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:54, 18 February 2022
- Gram-negative bacillus that is a common cause of foodborne illness, especially associated with undercooked poultry
Background
Microbiology
- Genus of oxidase positive, catalase positive, curved, Gram-negative bacilli
- Includes Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
| Growth Temp (ºC) | Nitrate | H2S | Hippurate Hydrolysis | Susceptibility | C-19 FA Reduction | Species | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | 37 | 42 | TSI | Lead Acetate Paper | Cephalothin | Nalidixic Acid | ||||
| – | + | + | + | – | + | + | R | S | + | Campylobacter jejuni |
| – | + | + | + | v | + | – | R | S | + | Campylobacter coli |
| – | + | + | + | – | + | – | R | R | + | Campylobacter lari |
| + | + | v | + | – | v | – | S | R | – | Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus |
| v | + | v | + | + | + | – | S | R | + | Campylobacter hyointestinalis |
| – | + | – | + | – | + | – | S | S | – | Campylobacter cinaedi |
| – | + | + | + | – | + | – | S | S | – | Campylobacter upsaliensis |
| – | + | – | – | – | + | – | S | S | – | Helicobacter fennelliae |
Clinical Manifestations
- Enteric disease, with acute blood gastroenteritis, is most common with Campylobacter jejeni
- Extraintestinal disease, with bacteremia and endovascular infection, is most common with Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus
| Campylobacter jejuni | Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus | |
|---|---|---|
| Reservoir | birds, food animal | cattle and sheep |
| Epidemiology | healthy hosts of all ages, often cluster | debilitated hosts, rarely clusters |
| Culture From | feces | bloodstream |
| Clinical Manifestations | acute gastroenteritis, colitis | bacteremia, meningitis, endovascular infection, abscess, gastroenteritis |
| Diarrhea | common | uncommon |
| Prognosis | self-limited | can be fatal |
Complications
Management
Enteric Disease
- Supportive care
- Illness lasts on average 1.3 days
- No antibiotics needed if stable; treatment suggested if high fever, bloody diarrhea, more than 8 stools per daily, prolonged illness ≥7 days
- If requiring antibiotics, use ciprofloxacin or azithomycin for 5 days, or clarithromycin for 7 days
Extraintestinal Disease
- Bacteremia with Campylobacter fetus should be treated with antibiotics, usually for at least 2 weeks
- Options include ampicillin, imipenem, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, fluoroquinolones if not resistant
- Endovascular infections often treated for 4 or more weeks
- Meningitis treated for 2 to 3 weeks
