Campylobacter: Difference between revisions

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Campylobacter
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* Gram-negative bacillus that is a common cause of foodborne illness, especially associated with undercooked poultry
*Gram-negative bacillus that is a common cause of foodborne illness, especially associated with undercooked poultry


== Background ==
==Background==
=== Microbiology ===
===Microbiology===
* [[Has oxidase test::Oxidase-positive]], [[Has catalase test::catalase-positive]], curved, [[Has Gram stain::Gram-negative]] [[Cellular shape::bacillus]]
* Includes [[Campylobacter jejuni]] and [[Campylobacter coli]]


*Genus of oxidase [[Oxidase::positive]], catalase [[Catalase::positive]], curved, [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus|bacilli]]
== Management ==
*Includes [[Campylobacter jejuni]] and [[Campylobacter coli]]


{| class="wikitable"
* No antibiotics needed if stable
! colspan="3" |Growth Temp (ºC)
* If requiring antibiotics, use ciprofloxacin or azithomycin for 5 days, or clarithromycin for 7 days
! rowspan="2" |Nitrate
! colspan="2" |H<sub>2</sub>S
! rowspan="2" |Hippurate Hydrolysis
! colspan="2" |Susceptibility
! rowspan="2" |C-19 FA Reduction
! rowspan="2" |Species
|-
!25
!37
!42
!TSI
!Lead Acetate Paper
!Cephalothin
!Nalidixic Acid
|-
|–
| +
| +
| +
|–
| +
| +
|R
|S
| +
|[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
|-
|–
| +
| +
| +
|v
| +
|–
|R
|S
| +
|[[Campylobacter coli]]
|-
|–
| +
| +
| +
|–
| +
|–
|R
|R
| +
|[[Campylobacter lari]]
|-
| +
| +
|v
| +
|–
|v
|–
|S
|R
|–
|[[Campylobacter fetus]] subsp. fetus
|-
|v
| +
|v
| +
| +
| +
|–
|S
|R
| +
|[[Campylobacter hyointestinalis]]
|-
|–
| +
|–
| +
|–
| +
|–
|S
|S
|–
|[[Campylobacter cinaedi]]
|-
|–
| +
| +
| +
|–
| +
|–
|S
|S
|–
|[[Campylobacter upsaliensis]]
|-
|–
| +
|–
|–
|–
| +
|–
|S
|S
|–
|[[Helicobacter fennelliae]]
|}


==Clinical Manifestations==
== Complications ==


*Enteric disease, with [[Acute gastroenteritis|acute blood gastroenteritis]], is most common with [[Campylobacter jejeni]]
* Guillian-Barré syndrome (GBS)
**ALso seen with [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Campylobacter fetus]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter upsaliensis]], [[Arcobacter butzleri]], [[Arcobacter skirrowi]], and [[Arcobacter cryaerophilus]]
* MALT lymphoma
*Extraintestinal disease, with [[bacteremia]] and [[endovascular infection]], is most common with [[Campylobacter fetus]] subspecies ''fetus''
**Also seen with [[Campylobacter jejuni]], [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter sputorum]], [[Campylobacter hyointestinalis]], and [[Helicobacter rappini]]


{| class="wikitable"
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Campylobacter'' species}}
!
![[Campylobacter jejuni]]
![[Campylobacter fetus]] subsp. ''fetus''
|-
|Reservoir
|birds, food animal
|cattle and sheep
|-
|Epidemiology
|healthy hosts of all ages, often cluster
|debilitated hosts, rarely clusters
|-
|Culture From
|feces
|bloodstream
|-
|Clinical Manifestations
|[[acute gastroenteritis]], [[colitis]]
|[[bacteremia]], [[meningitis]], [[endovascular infection]], [[abscess]], [[gastroenteritis]]
|-
|Diarrhea
|common
|uncommon
|-
|Prognosis
|self-limited
|can be fatal
|}

===Complications===

*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] (GBS)
*[[MALT lymphoma]]

==Management==

=== Enteric Disease ===

*Supportive care
*Illness lasts on average 1.3 days
*No antibiotics needed if stable; treatment suggested if high fever, bloody diarrhea, more than 8 stools per daily, prolonged illness ≥7 days
*If requiring antibiotics, use [[Is treated by::ciprofloxacin]] or [[Is treated by::azithomycin]] for 5 days, or [[Is treated by::clarithromycin]] for 7 days

=== Extraintestinal Disease ===

* Bacteremia with [[Campylobacter fetus]] should be treated with antibiotics, usually for at least 2 weeks
** Options include [[ampicillin]], [[imipenem]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[gentamicin]], [[fluoroquinolones]] if not resistant
* Endovascular infections often treated for 4 or more weeks
* Meningitis treated for 2 to 3 weeks
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Campylobacter''}}
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]

Latest revision as of 14:54, 18 February 2022

  • Gram-negative bacillus that is a common cause of foodborne illness, especially associated with undercooked poultry

Background

Microbiology

Growth Temp (ºC) Nitrate H2S Hippurate Hydrolysis Susceptibility C-19 FA Reduction Species
25 37 42 TSI Lead Acetate Paper Cephalothin Nalidixic Acid
– + + + – + + R S + Campylobacter jejuni
– + + + v + – R S + Campylobacter coli
– + + + – + – R R + Campylobacter lari
+ + v + – v – S R – Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
v + v + + + – S R + Campylobacter hyointestinalis
– + – + – + – S S – Campylobacter cinaedi
– + + + – + – S S – Campylobacter upsaliensis
– + – – – + – S S – Helicobacter fennelliae

Clinical Manifestations

Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
Reservoir birds, food animal cattle and sheep
Epidemiology healthy hosts of all ages, often cluster debilitated hosts, rarely clusters
Culture From feces bloodstream
Clinical Manifestations acute gastroenteritis, colitis bacteremia, meningitis, endovascular infection, abscess, gastroenteritis
Diarrhea common uncommon
Prognosis self-limited can be fatal

Complications

Management

Enteric Disease

  • Supportive care
  • Illness lasts on average 1.3 days
  • No antibiotics needed if stable; treatment suggested if high fever, bloody diarrhea, more than 8 stools per daily, prolonged illness ≥7 days
  • If requiring antibiotics, use ciprofloxacin or azithomycin for 5 days, or clarithromycin for 7 days

Extraintestinal Disease

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