Saint Louis encephalitis virus: Difference between revisions
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* Single-stranded positive-sense enveloped virus in the family [[Flaviviridae]] and genus [[Flavivirus]] |
* Single-stranded positive-sense enveloped virus in the family [[Flaviviridae]] and genus [[Flavivirus]] |
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* Reservoir is birds |
* Reservoir is birds |
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* Vector-borne, transmitted by [[Vector::Culex |
* Vector-borne, transmitted by [[Vector::Culex]] mosquitoes |
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* Outbreaks have occurred in the US, Canada, and Mexico, with sporadic cases in Central and South America |
* Outbreaks have occurred in the US, Canada, and Mexico, with sporadic cases in Central and South America |
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Latest revision as of 14:52, 14 February 2022
Background
- Single-stranded positive-sense enveloped virus in the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus
- Reservoir is birds
- Vector-borne, transmitted by Culex mosquitoes
- Outbreaks have occurred in the US, Canada, and Mexico, with sporadic cases in Central and South America
Clinical Manifestations
- Incubation period 4 to 21 days
- Risk of encephalitis is highest in older age >60 years
- Presents with non-specific febrile illness with severe headache and meningismus, followed by focal neurological deficits including brainstem, cerebellum, and cranial nerves
- Tremors of the eyelids, tongue, lips, and extremities
- Seizures are uncommon
- Usually no motor or sensory deficits, but may develop urinary symptoms
Prognosis and Complications
- Mortality 5-15%, but higher in the elderly
- Up to half of survivors have neuropsychiatric symptoms persisting at 3 years
Diagnosis
- Serology demonstrating IgM in CSF or serum
Management
- Supportive
