Enterococcus: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
Enterococcus
(→) |
m (Text replacement - "Catalase test::catalase-negative" to "catalase Catalase::negative") |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
===Microbiology=== |
===Microbiology=== |
||
| − | *Facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, [[Hemolysis pattern::α-hemolytic|alpha-]] or [[Hemolysis pattern::γ-hemolytic|gamma-hemolytic]], [[Catalase |
+ | *Facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, [[Hemolysis pattern::α-hemolytic|alpha-]] or [[Hemolysis pattern::γ-hemolytic|gamma-hemolytic]], catalase [[Catalase::negative]], [[Stain::Gram-positive]] [[Cellular shape::cocci]] |
*Grows on bile esculin agar |
*Grows on bile esculin agar |
||
*[[PYR test|PYR]] positive |
*[[PYR test|PYR]] positive |
||
Revision as of 15:08, 20 August 2020
Background
Microbiology
- Facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, alpha- or gamma-hemolytic, catalase negative, Gram-positive cocci"cocci" is not in the list (coccus, bacillus, coccobacillus, diplococcus, spirochete, curved, pleomorphic, yeast, mold) of allowed values for the "Shape" property.
- Grows on bile esculin agar
- PYR positive
- Most are Lancefield group D
- Commensal gut flora
- Increasing antibiotic resistance
Species
- E. faecalis
- More common (90-95%)
- More commonly genitourinary source
- More susceptible to antibiotics
- E. faecium
- Less common (5-10%)
- More commonly gastrointestinal source
- Less susceptible to antibiotics
- Most common VRE
- E. gallinarum
- E. casseliflavus
Vacomycin Resistance
- Vancomycin binds to d-Ala-d-Ala pentapeptids, interfering with cell wall synthesis
- VanA: most common. Mutation to d-Ala-d-Lac, leading to high resistance to glycopeptides.
- VanB: more common in E. faecium in Australia
- VanC: chromosomal resistance on E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus
Management
VRE
- Daptomycin, doxycycline, linezolid, tedizolid, oritavancin, quinupristin-dalfopristin (for E. faecium)
References
- ^ James H. Jorgensen, Sharon A. Crawford, Cynthia C. Kelly, Jan E. Patterson. In VitroActivity of Daptomycin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci ofVarious Van Types and Comparison of Susceptibility TestingMethods. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2003;47(12):3760-3763. doi:10.1128/aac.47.12.3760-3763.2003.
