Dimorphic fungi: Difference between revisions
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* Fungi that exist in a mold form at lower temperatures in the environment, and a yeast form at higher temperatures in the host body |
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== Species == |
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* [[Cryptococcus]] does exhibit dimorphism, though it is predominately yeast and its dimorphism is not likely related to disease |
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* ''[[Coccidioides immitis]]'' and ''[[Coccidioides posadasii]]'' |
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* ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]'' and ''[[Cryptococcus gattii]]'' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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!Organism |
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!Distribution |
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!Diseases |
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!Treatment |
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|eastern US and Canada, with some reported in Africa |
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|pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection |
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|[[itraconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] induction if severe) |
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|[[Coccidioides species]] |
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|southwestern US and parts of South and Central America |
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|pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection |
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|[[fluconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] and [[flucytosine]] induction if severe) |
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|worldwide, including eastern North America, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia |
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|pulmonary infection, CNS infection |
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|[[itraconazole]] (with [[amphotericin B]] induction if severe) |
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|[[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]] |
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|South America |
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|essentially worldwide |
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|[[nodular lymphangitis]] |
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|[[itraconazole]] |
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|[[Talaromyces marneffei]] |
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|Southeast Asia |
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[[File:Histoplasmosis_map.png|frame|Histoplasmosis]] |
[[File:Histoplasmosis_map.png|frame|Histoplasmosis]] |
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Revision as of 18:41, 20 August 2020
- Fungi that exist in a mold form at lower temperatures in the environment, and a yeast form at higher temperatures in the host body
- Cryptococcus does exhibit dimorphism, though it is predominately yeast and its dimorphism is not likely related to disease
| Organism | Distribution | Diseases | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blastomyces species | eastern US and Canada, with some reported in Africa | pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection | itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe) |
| Coccidioides species | southwestern US and parts of South and Central America | pulmonary infection, verrucous skin lesions, osteomyelitis, CNS infection | fluconazole (with amphotericin B and flucytosine induction if severe) |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | worldwide, including eastern North America, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia | pulmonary infection, CNS infection | itraconazole (with amphotericin B induction if severe) |
| Paracoccidioides brasiliensis | South America | ||
| Sporothrix schenckii | essentially worldwide | nodular lymphangitis | itraconazole |
| Talaromyces marneffei | Southeast Asia |
Distribution
- Endemic dimorphic fungi are widely distributed1
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiomycosis
Blastomycosis
References
- ^ Ashraf N, Kubat RC, Poplin V, Adenis AA, Denning DW, Wright L, McCotter O, Schwartz IS, Jackson BR, Chiller T, Bahr NC. Re-drawing the Maps for Endemic Mycoses.. Mycopathologia. 2020. doi:10.1007/s11046-020-00431-2. PMID 32040709.
