Interstitial nephritis: Difference between revisions

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== Etiology ==
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==Etiology==
   
=== Drugs ===
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===Drugs===
   
* Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
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*Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
** Includes selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors and mesalamine
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**Includes selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors and [[mesalamine]]
* Antimicrobials
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*Antimicrobials
** Penicillins and cephalosporins
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**[[Penicillin|Penicillins]] and [[Cephalosporin|cephalosporins]]
** Rifampin
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**[[Rifampin]]
** Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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**[[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]]
** Ciprofloxacin
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**[[Ciprofloxacin]]
** Indinavir
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**[[Indinavir]]
* Diuretics, including furosemide and thiazides
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*Diuretics, including [[furosemide]] and [[Thiazide|thiazides]]
* Cimetidine
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*[[Cimetidine]]
* Allopurinol
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*[[Allopurinol]]
* Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
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*[[Proton pump inhibitor|Proton pump inhibitors]] (PPIs)
   
=== Infections ===
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===Infections===
   
Long list, including ''Legionella'', ''Leptospira'', cytomegalovirus (CMV), ''Streptococcus'', ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'', ''Corynebacterium diphtheriae'', Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), ''Yersinia'', polyomavirus, ''Enterococcus'', ''Escherichia coli'', adenovirus, and ''Candida''.
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* Long list, including ''[[Legionella]]'', ''[[Leptospira]]'', [[cytomegalovirus]], [[streptococci]], ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'', ''[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]'', [[Epstein-Barr virus]], ''[[Yersinia]]'', [[polyomavirus]], ''[[Enterococcus]]'', ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', [[adenovirus]], and ''[[Candida]]''
   
=== Autoimmune Disorders ===
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===Autoimmune Disorders===
   
* Systemic lupus erythematosus
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*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
* Sarcoidosis
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*[[Sarcoidosis]]
* Sjögren syndrome
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*[[Sjögren syndrome]]
* IgG4 disease
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*[[IgG4 disease]]
   
== Clinical Manifestations ==
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==Clinical Manifestations==
   
* Can be asymptomatic, presenting with renal dysfunction
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*Can be asymptomatic, presenting with renal dysfunction
* Nausea, vomiting, malaise, and oliguria
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*Nausea, vomiting, malaise, and oliguria
* May have arthralgias
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*May have arthralgias
* With drug-induced AIN, can have an allergic syndrome that includes fever, eosinophilia, and rash
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*With drug-induced AIN, can have an allergic syndrome that includes fever, eosinophilia, and rash
   
== Investigations ==
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==Investigations==
   
* Creatinine, showing AKI
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*Creatinine, showing AKI
* CBC, showing eosinophilia
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*CBC, showing eosinophilia
* Urine studies
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*Urine studies
** May have pyuria and white cell casts and RBCs, and eosinophiluria
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**May have pyuria and white cell casts and RBCs, and eosinophiluria
** Usually around 1 g/day of proteinuria
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**Usually around 1 g/day of proteinuria
** FENa >1%
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**FENa >1%
   
 
[[Category:Nephrology]]
 
[[Category:Nephrology]]

Latest revision as of 16:01, 2 August 2020

Etiology

Drugs

Infections

Autoimmune Disorders

Clinical Manifestations

  • Can be asymptomatic, presenting with renal dysfunction
  • Nausea, vomiting, malaise, and oliguria
  • May have arthralgias
  • With drug-induced AIN, can have an allergic syndrome that includes fever, eosinophilia, and rash

Investigations

  • Creatinine, showing AKI
  • CBC, showing eosinophilia
  • Urine studies
    • May have pyuria and white cell casts and RBCs, and eosinophiluria
    • Usually around 1 g/day of proteinuria
    • FENa >1%