Parasites: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
(→: bolded) |
No edit summary |
||
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
* Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms |
* Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process |
||
** Compare to mutualism or commensalism |
|||
* Includes [[protozoa]], [[helminths]], and [[ectoparasites]] |
|||
== Single-celled (protozoa) == |
|||
* '''Amoebae''' |
|||
** Obligate parasites |
|||
*** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' |
|||
*** Non-pathogenic: other [[Entamoeba species]] |
|||
** Facultative parasites (that are also free-living) |
|||
*** [[Naegleria fowleri]]: causes [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]] |
|||
*** [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]: causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
|||
*** [[Acanthamoeba species]]: causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] and [[amoebic keratitis]] |
|||
* '''Flagellates''' |
|||
** Non-kinetoplastic gut flagellates |
|||
*** Pathogenic: [[Giardia lamblia]] and [[Dientamoeba fragilis]] |
|||
*** Non-pathogenic: [[Chilomastix mesnili]] |
|||
** Non-kinetoplastic blood and tissue flagellates |
|||
*** Pathogenic: [[Trichomonas vaginalis]] |
|||
*** Non-pathogenic: [[Trichomonas tenax]] and [[Pentatrichomonas hominis]] |
|||
** Kinetoplastic flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end |
|||
*** [[Trypanosoma species]] |
|||
**** [[Trypanosoma cruzii]]: causes [[American trypanosomiasis]] |
|||
**** [[Trypanosoma brucei]]: causes [[human African trypanosomiasis]] |
|||
***** [[Trypanosoma brucei]] subsp. gambiense: causes [[West African trypanosomiasis]] |
|||
***** [[Trypanosoma brucei]] subsp. rhodesiense: causes [[East African trypanosomiasis]] |
|||
***** Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease |
|||
*** [[Leishmania species]] |
|||
**** Old World, visceralizing: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (in India) |
|||
**** Old World, tegumentary: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (Sri Lanka), ''L. major'', ''L. tropica'' |
|||
**** New World, visceralizing: ''L. chagasi'' (genetically identical to ''L. infantum'') |
|||
**** New World, tegumentary: |
|||
***** Viannia group (should be treated systemically): ''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'', ''L. guyanensis'' |
|||
***** Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): ''L. mexicana'' |
|||
* '''Apicomplexa''' (sexual reproduction) |
|||
** Hemosporidia |
|||
*** [[Plasmodium species]] |
|||
*** [[Babesia species]] |
|||
** Coccidia (not a microbiologically-sound category) |
|||
*** Blood and tissue: [[Toxoplasma gondii]] |
|||
*** Gut: [[Cryptosporidium species]], [[Cyclospora species]], [[Cystoisopora species]] |
|||
*** Both: [[Sarcocystis species]] |
|||
* '''Ciliates''' |
|||
** ''[[Balantidium coli]]'' |
|||
== Multicellular (helminths) == |
|||
* '''Nematodes''' (roundworms) |
|||
** Filarial/filariasis |
|||
*** [[Lymphatic filariasis]] (elephantiasis) |
|||
**** ''[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]'' |
|||
**** ''[[Brugia malayi]]'' |
|||
**** ''[[Brugia timori]]'' |
|||
*** Subsutaneous/tissue |
|||
**** ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]'' |
|||
**** ''[[Loa loa]]'' |
|||
*** Serous |
|||
**** ''[[Mansonella perstans]]'' |
|||
**** ''[[Mansonella ozzardi]]'' |
|||
** Non-filarial |
|||
*** Soil-transmitted |
|||
**** ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]'' (great roundworm) |
|||
**** ''[[Trichuris trichiura]]'' (whipworm) |
|||
**** Hookworm |
|||
***** ''[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]'' (Old World hookworm) |
|||
***** ''[[Necator americanus]]'' (New World hookworm) |
|||
**** ''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]'' (threadworm) |
|||
*** Non-soil-transmitted |
|||
**** ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' (pinworm) |
|||
**** ''[[Trichinella spiralis]]'' |
|||
**** ''[[Balisascaris procyonis]]'' |
|||
**** ''[[Dracunculus medinensis]]'' (Guinea worm) |
|||
**** ''[[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]]'' |
|||
**** ''[[Anisakis]]'' (herring worm) |
|||
**** ''[[Gnathostoma]]'' |
|||
* '''Cestodes''' (tapeworms) |
|||
** ''[[Taenia saginata]]'' |
|||
** ''[[Taenia solium]]'' |
|||
*** Adult worm |
|||
*** Neurocysticercosis |
|||
** ''[[Echinococcus]]'' |
|||
** ''[[Diphyllobothrium]]'' |
|||
* '''Trematodes''' (flatworms/flukes) |
|||
** Lung |
|||
*** ''[[Paragonimus]]'' |
|||
** Liver |
|||
*** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' |
|||
*** ''[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]'' & ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'' |
|||
** Intestinal |
|||
*** ''[[Fasciolopsis]]'' |
|||
** ''[[Schistosoma]]'' |
|||
*** ''[[Schistosoma haematobium]]'' |
|||
*** ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]'' |
|||
== Ectoparasites == |
|||
* Fleas |
|||
* Lice |
|||
** Body lice |
|||
** Head lice |
|||
** Pubic lice |
|||
* [[Scabies]] |
|||
* Myiasis |
|||
** ''[[Dermatobia hominis]]'' (human botfly) |
|||
** ''[[Cordylobia anthropophaga]]'' (tumbu fly) |
|||
** ''[[Cochliomyia hominivorax]]'' (New World screwworm fly) |
|||
** ''[[Chrysomya bezziana]]'' (Old World screwworm fly) |
|||
* Tungiasis |
|||
** ''[[Tunga penetrans]]'' |
|||
[[Category:Organisms]] |
[[Category:Organisms]] |
Latest revision as of 23:15, 18 December 2019
- Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms that benefit from a relationship with a host organism, which is harmed in the process
- Compare to mutualism or commensalism
- Includes protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites