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[[Category:General Surgery]]

...<ref>Anvari S, Lee Y, Lam M, Doumouras AG, Hong D. The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Oral Antibiotic Absorption: a Systematic Review. ''Obes Surg''. 2020 Aug [[Category:General Surgery]]

|journal=The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery |subject=Surgery;Orthopedics and Sports Medicine;General Medicine|+sep=;

|subject=Surgery;General Medicine|+sep=;

*Non-orthopedic surgery *Orthopedic surgery

* Risks of surgery include bleeding, sepsis, and myocardial injury, all three of which have a ...thoracic surgery, followed by vascular surgery, neurosurgery, and general surgery

*Culture in general has sensitivity of 68% but increases to essentially 100% with two cultures *Poor prognosis, with median survival of 30 months from initial surgery and 9 months from start of therapy

*In general, all opioids can be stopped once at a dose of buprenorphine 12 mg daily *If going to hold buprenorphine for surgery:

* Obstruction: general surgery consult or medical management (AAAH)

*Post-cardiac surgery: often mixed ** Complication of cardiovascular or thoracic surgery with median sternotomy (deep sternal wound infection [DSWI])

**Abdominal surgery **Less immunosuppressive therapy, recent surgery, or central venous catheters than hospital-onset, but still risk factors

*In general, 4 weeks for NVE, 6 weeks for PVE; possibly 2 weeks for NVE without complic ===Indications for Early Surgery===

* Some medications should be held during an acute illness, before surgery, or with IV contrast *High risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to general population

* Any surgery involving prosthetic material (vascular grafts, pacemaker, prosthetic valce * General exam for lipodystrophy, cachexia

*Procalcitonin, specifically, may be able to differentiate surgery/hemorrhage from bacterial infection **In general, based on susceptibilities

*In general, symptoms are fever, chills, and malaise in a patient at risk for endocardi ===Indications for Early Surgery===

...acorporeal circuits in dialysis procedures and during vascular and cardiac surgery; and treatment of peripheral arterial embolism (heparin). ...parin: aPTT with therapeutic range established by the local laboratory. In general, the aPTT ratio should be 2.0-3.0 times control.

...hemodialysis, and use of cotton gauze swabs/packs/pads and sponges during surgery ...umocystis'' Colonization Is Highly Prevalent in the Autopsied Lungs of the General Population. ''Clin Infect Dis''. 2010;50:347. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1086

*In general, mild infections are treated with [[Is treated by::itraconazole]] and sever |Antifungals not recommended. May need surgery.

|surgery not necessary *In general, a combination of [[fluoroquinolone]] plus [[ethambutol]] plus an injectabl