Pulmonary emphysema

From IDWiki

Background

Morphological Subtypes

Subtype Description Associations
Centrilobular emphysema Most common, usually an upper lobe predominance Closely associated with smoking
Panlobular emphysema Involves entire acinus, more severe in lower lobes alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency or IV methylphenidate use, Swyer-James syndrome, obliterative bronchiolitis
Paraseptal emphysema Occurs adjacent to the pleura and septal lines Smoking, Marfan syndrome; risk of pneumothorax
Paracicatricial emphysema Occurs adjacent to areas of scarring Silicosis, granulomatous lung disease, tuberculosis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolismcausing infarct

Risk Factors

Clinical Manifestations

  • Dyspnea
  • Decreased breath sounds, lung hyperinflation
  • Often moderate to severe airflow obstruction