Childhood exanthems

From IDWiki
Disease Season Rash Associated Findings
measles winter to spring erythematous, confluent, maculopapular rash, starting at the hairline and descending Koplik spot, high fever, 3 C's of cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, and Forchheimer spots
scarlet fever fall to spring generalized erythematous rash with sandpaper texture, starting on the face and upper trunk, and descending Pastia lines, Forchheimer spots, strawberry tongue, exudative pharyngitis, abdominal pain, rheumatic fever
rubella late winter and early spring rose-pink, maculopapular rash, descending lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, Forchheimer spots
parvovirus B19 winter and spring slapped cheek rash on face and lacy reticular rash on extremities rash waxes and wanes over weeks, arthritis, aplastic crisis
roseola spring rose-pink, maculopapular rash on the neck and trunk lymphadenopathy, febrile seizures, Nagayama spots
varicella late winter and early spring vesicles on an erythematous base with crusting, starting on the face and trunk and spreading outwards pruritis
hand-foot-mouth disease late summer or early fall elliptical vesicles on an erythematous base, involving oral mucosa and palms and soles vesicles on hands and feet and inside the mouth

Numbered Childhood Exanthems

  1. First disease: measles
  2. Second disease: scarlet fever, caused by group A Streptococcus
  3. Third disease: rubella or German measles
  4. Fourth disease: "Duke's disease"; may or may not exist; possibly staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
  5. Fifth disease: erythema infectiosum, caused by parvovirus B19
  6. Sixth disease: roseola infantum, caused by human herpesvirus 6 or 7

Further Reading