Wernicke encephalopathy: Difference between revisions
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+ | ==Background== |
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+ | *Syndrome of cerebellar ataxia, ophthalmoplegia (usually bilateral CN VI palsies), and global confusion caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, usually in the context of chronic alcohol use, and often in the context of a combined [[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome]] |
| − | ** Often has horizontal nystagmus |
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| + | ===Pathophysiology=== |
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| − | == Etiology == |
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+ | *Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, often associated with chronic alcohol abuse |
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| + | *Only a third present with the classic triad of [[cerebellar ataxia]], [[ophthalmoplegia]] (usually bilateral CN VI palsies), and global confusion |
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| − | * Only a third present with the classic triad |
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+ | ==Management== |
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+ | *[[Thamine]] 200 to 500mg IV/IM TID x3 days |
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+ | ==Prognosis== |
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+ | *Often leads to Korsakoff syndrome |
[[Category:Neurology]] |
[[Category:Neurology]] |
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Latest revision as of 10:44, 16 October 2020
Background
- Syndrome of cerebellar ataxia, ophthalmoplegia (usually bilateral CN VI palsies), and global confusion caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, usually in the context of chronic alcohol use, and often in the context of a combined Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Pathophysiology
- Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, often associated with chronic alcohol abuse
Clinical Manifestations
- Only a third present with the classic triad of cerebellar ataxia, ophthalmoplegia (usually bilateral CN VI palsies), and global confusion
- Most are disoriented and inattentive
- Ophthalmoplegia
- Horizontal nystagmus
- Lateral rectus (CN VI) palsy (usually bilateral)
- Conjugate gaze palsies
- Ptosis
- Gait ataxia
- Spares pupils unless severe
- When there is additional amnesia, with or without confabulation, the syndrome is known as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
- Alcohol use disorder is most common
- Other causes of malnutrition, including hyperemesis, starvation, dialysis, cancer, HIV/AIDS, or rarely gastric surgery
Management
- Thamine 200 to 500mg IV/IM TID x3 days
Prognosis
- Often leads to Korsakoff syndrome
