SPICE organisms
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SPICE organisms
Definition
- Gram-negative bacteria with inducible or derepressable beta-lactamases, primarily chromosomal AmpC
Organisms
- Serratia spp.
- Providencia
- Indole-positive Proteae (e.g. Proteus vulgaris, but not Proteus mirabilis)
- Citrobacter spp.
- C. koseri does not have an AmpC
- Enterobacter cloacae
Also:
- Hafnia alvei
- Acinetobacter, though not inducible or AmpC
- Morganella morganii
- Cronobacter
- Edwardsiella
Treatment
- Not penicillins or cephalosporins, as resistance will develop within a few days
- Carbapenems still work, as do aminoglycosides
Further Reading
- Jones R, Baquero F, Privitera G, Inoue M, Widermann B. Inducible β-lactamase-mediated resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Clin Microbio Infect. 1997;3(1):S7-S20.
- https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciz173/5369903
