Rickettsia: Difference between revisions
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Rickettsia
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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− | ===Microbiology=== |
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* A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria |
* A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria |
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+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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+ | ! Species |
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+ | ! Disease |
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+ | ! Vector |
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+ | ! Distribution |
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+ | | rowspan=4 | ''[[R. rickettsii]]'' |
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+ | | ''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'' ticks || eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US |
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+ | | ''[[Dermacentor andersoni]]'' ticks || western US |
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+ | | ''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' ticks || Mexico and southern US |
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+ | | ''[[Amblyomma cajennense]]'' ticks || Central and South America |
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+ | | rowspan=2 | ''[[R. parkeri]]'' |
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+ | | rowspan=2 | American tick-borne fever |
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+ | | ''[[Amblyommma maculatum]]'' ticks || southern US |
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+ | | ''[[Amblyomma triste]]'' ticks || Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina |
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+ | | ''[[R. conorii]]'' || Mediterranean spotted fever || ''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' ticks || |
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+ | | ''[[Ehrlichia]]'' species || human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis || ''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'' and other ticks || |
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+ | | ''[[Anaplasma]]'' species || human granulocytic anaplasmosis || ''[[Ixodes scapularis]]'' and ''[[Ixodes pacificus]]'' ticks || |
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+ | |} |
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+ | ===Spotted Fever Group=== |
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− | * ''[[R. parkeri]]'': carried by ''A. maculatum'' in the southern US and ''A. triste'' in Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina |
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− | * ''[[R. conorii]]'': causes boutonneuse fever |
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− | ** Transmitted by ''Dermacentor marginatus'' ticks |
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* [[Is treated by::Doxycycline]] 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days |
* [[Is treated by::Doxycycline]] 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days |
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** Alternatively: [[tetracycline]] 2 g/day or [[chloramphenicol]] 2 g/d |
** Alternatively: [[tetracycline]] 2 g/day or [[chloramphenicol]] 2 g/d |
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* ''Avoid'' [[TMP-SMX]], which appears to ''worsen'' severity of disease! |
* ''Avoid'' [[TMP-SMX]], which appears to ''worsen'' severity of disease! |
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− | * ''[[Ehrlichia]]'': transmitted by ticks |
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− | * ''[[Anaplasma]]'': transmitted by ticks |
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− | {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rickettsia'' |
+ | {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rickettsia''}} |
[[Category:Rickettsioses]] |
[[Category:Rickettsioses]] |
Latest revision as of 12:47, 25 January 2022
Background
- A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria
Species | Disease | Vector | Distribution |
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Typhus Group | |||
R. prowazekii | epidemic typhus | body louse | |
R. typhi | murine/endemic typhus | rat/cat fleas | |
Spotted Fever Group | |||
R. rickettsii | Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) | Dermacentor variabilis ticks | eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US |
Dermacentor andersoni ticks | western US | ||
Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks | Mexico and southern US | ||
Amblyomma cajennense ticks | Central and South America | ||
R. parkeri | American tick-borne fever | Amblyommma maculatum ticks | southern US |
Amblyomma triste ticks | Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina | ||
R. conorrii | Mediterranean spotted fever | Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks | |
R. japonica | Oriental spotter fever | ||
R. heilongiangensis | Far Eastern spotted fever | eastern Russia, Thailand, and China | |
R. africae | African tick bite fever | Amblyomma ticks | |
R. slovaca | tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) | Dermacentor marginatus ticks | |
Transitional Group | |||
R. akari | rickettsialpox | Liponyssoides sanguineus house mouse mites | |
R. australis | North Queensland tick typhus | ||
R. felis | flea-borne spotted fever | ||
Ancestral Group | |||
Rickettsia bellii | |||
Rickettsia canadensis | |||
Other Rickettsiae | |||
Orientia tsutsugamushi | scrub typhus | chiggers | |
Ehrlichia species | human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis | Amblyomma americanum and other ticks | |
Anaplasma species | human granulocytic anaplasmosis | Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus ticks | |
Neorickettsia | helminths | ||
Wolbachia | helminths and arthropods |
Management
Spotted Fever Group
- Doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
- Alternatively: tetracycline 2 g/day or chloramphenicol 2 g/d
- Alternatively: ciprofloxacin 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
- But no good evidence for this
- Can use doxycycline safely for these duration in children <8 years, and is strongly indicated for rickettsioses
- May use azithromycin or clarithromycin in pregnant women
- Avoid TMP-SMX, which appears to worsen severity of disease!