Obligate anaerobes: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
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− | == |
+ | ==Microbiology== |
− | * |
+ | *Colonizes skin and mucosal surfaces |
− | * |
+ | *Difficult to grow |
− | == |
+ | ==Organisms== |
− | * |
+ | *Gram-negative |
− | ** |
+ | **Bacilli |
− | *** |
+ | ***''[[Bacteroides]]'' spp. |
− | **** |
+ | ****''B. fragilis'' group: B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. distasonis, B. vulgatus, B. ovatus, B. uniformis |
− | **** |
+ | ****Other ''Bacteroides'' spp.: B. gracilis, B. ureolyticus, Bilophila wadsworthia, Sutterella spp |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Prevotella'' spp. |
− | **** |
+ | ****Pigmented: ''P. melaninogenica'', ''P. intermedia'', ''P. denticola'', ''P. loescheii'', ''P. corporis'', ''P. nigrescens'' |
− | **** |
+ | ****Non-pigmented: ''P. oris'', ''P. buccae'', ''P. oralis'' group (''P. oralis'', ''P. buccalis'', ''P. veroralis''), ''P. bivia'', ''P. disiens'' |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Porphyromonas'' spp.: ''P. asaccharolytica'', ''P. gingivalis'', ''P. endodontalis'' |
− | *** |
+ | ***''[[Fusobacterium]]'' spp.: ''F. nucleatum'', ''F. necrophorum'', ''F. gonidiaformans'', ''F. naviforme'', ''F. mortiferum'', ''F. verium'' |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Bilophila'' spp. |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Sutterella'' spp. |
− | ** |
+ | **Cocci |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Veillonella'' spp. |
− | * |
+ | *Gram-positive |
− | ** |
+ | **Cocci |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Peptostreptococcus'' spp.: ''P. magnus'', ''P. asaccharolyticus'', ''P. prevotii'', ''P. intermedius'', ''P. anaerobius'', ''P. micros'' |
− | ** |
+ | **Bacilli (spore-forming) |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Clostridium'' spp.: ''C. perfringens'', ''C. ramosum'', ''C. septicum'', ''C. novyi'', ''C. histolytica'', ''C. sporogenes'', ''C. difficile'', ''C. bifermentans'', ''C. butyricum'', ''C. innocuum'', ''C. sordellii'', ''C. botulinum'', ''C. tetani'' |
− | ** |
+ | **Bacilli (non-spore-forming) |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Propionibacterium'' spp.: ''[[P. acnes]]'', ''P. propionicum'', ''P. granulosum'' |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Eubacterium tentum'' |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Bifidobacterium'' spp.: ''B. eriksonii'', ''B. dentium'' |
− | *** |
+ | ***''Actinomyces'' spp.: ''A. israelii'', ''A. naestundii'', ''A. viscosus'', ''A. odontolyticus'', ''A. meyerii'' |
− | == |
+ | ==Management== |
− | * [[Is treated by::Ampicillin]] or [[Is treated by::penicillin]] (for Gram-positive anaerobes), beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, cephamycins (e.g. [[Is treated by::cefoxitin]]), [[Is treated by::carbapenems]], [[Is treated by::clindamycin]] (though increasing resistance), [[Is treated by::metronidazole]], [[Is treated by::moxifloxacin]], [[Is treated by::tetracycline]] |
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+ | *[[Is treated by::Ampicillin]] or [[Is treated by::penicillin]] (for Gram-positive anaerobes) |
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⚫ | |||
+ | *β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, |
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⚫ | |||
+ | *Cephamycins (e.g. [[Is treated by::cefoxitin]]) |
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+ | *[[Is treated by::carbapenems]] |
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+ | *[[Is treated by::clindamycin]] (though increasing resistance) |
||
+ | *[[Is treated by::metronidazole]] |
||
+ | *[[Is treated by::moxifloxacin]] |
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+ | *[[Is treated by::tetracycline]] |
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+ | |||
⚫ | |||
+ | |||
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[[Category:Anaerobes]] |
[[Category:Anaerobes]] |
Revision as of 12:01, 21 August 2020
Microbiology
- Colonizes skin and mucosal surfaces
- Difficult to grow
Organisms
- Gram-negative
- Bacilli
- Bacteroides spp.
- B. fragilis group: B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. distasonis, B. vulgatus, B. ovatus, B. uniformis
- Other Bacteroides spp.: B. gracilis, B. ureolyticus, Bilophila wadsworthia, Sutterella spp
- Prevotella spp.
- Pigmented: P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia, P. denticola, P. loescheii, P. corporis, P. nigrescens
- Non-pigmented: P. oris, P. buccae, P. oralis group (P. oralis, P. buccalis, P. veroralis), P. bivia, P. disiens
- Porphyromonas spp.: P. asaccharolytica, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis
- Fusobacterium spp.: F. nucleatum, F. necrophorum, F. gonidiaformans, F. naviforme, F. mortiferum, F. verium
- Bilophila spp.
- Sutterella spp.
- Bacteroides spp.
- Cocci
- Veillonella spp.
- Bacilli
- Gram-positive
- Cocci
- Peptostreptococcus spp.: P. magnus, P. asaccharolyticus, P. prevotii, P. intermedius, P. anaerobius, P. micros
- Bacilli (spore-forming)
- Clostridium spp.: C. perfringens, C. ramosum, C. septicum, C. novyi, C. histolytica, C. sporogenes, C. difficile, C. bifermentans, C. butyricum, C. innocuum, C. sordellii, C. botulinum, C. tetani
- Bacilli (non-spore-forming)
- Propionibacterium spp.: P. acnes, P. propionicum, P. granulosum
- Eubacterium tentum
- Bifidobacterium spp.: B. eriksonii, B. dentium
- Actinomyces spp.: A. israelii, A. naestundii, A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus, A. meyerii
- Cocci
Management
- Ampicillin or penicillin (for Gram-positive anaerobes)
- β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations,
- Cephamycins (e.g. cefoxitin)
- carbapenems
- clindamycin (though increasing resistance)
- metronidazole
- moxifloxacin
- tetracycline
Further Reading
- Brook I. Spectrum and treatment of anaerobic infections. J Infect Chemother (2015). doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.10.010