Lymphadenopathy: Difference between revisions
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| + | *Refers to enlargement of the lymph nodes |
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==Differential Diagnosis== |
==Differential Diagnosis== |
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**'''Southeastern or central US:''' [[histoplasmosis]] |
**'''Southeastern or central US:''' [[histoplasmosis]] |
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**'''Southeast Asia, India, or northern Australia:''' [[scrub typhus]] |
**'''Southeast Asia, India, or northern Australia:''' [[scrub typhus]] |
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| − | **'''Central or west Africa:''' African trypanosomiasis |
+ | **'''Central or west Africa:''' [[African trypanosomiasis]] |
| − | **'''Central or South America:''' American trypanosomiasis |
+ | **'''Central or South America:''' [[American trypanosomiasis]] |
| − | **'''East Africa, Mediterranean, China, or South/Central America:''' leishmaniasis |
+ | **'''East Africa, Mediterranean, China, or South/Central America:''' [[leishmaniasis]] |
| − | **'''Mexico, Peru, Chile, India, Pakistan, Egypt, or Indonesia:''' typhoid fever |
+ | **'''Mexico, Peru, Chile, India, Pakistan, Egypt, or Indonesia:''' [[typhoid fever]] |
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:19, 20 January 2021
Background
- Refers to enlargement of the lymph nodes
Differential Diagnosis
- Neoplasm
- Hematologic: lymphoma, leukemia
- Solid tumour: squamous cell cancer of the head and neck
- Metastasis
- Infection
- Viral: HIV, EBV, HSV, CMV, mumps, measles, rubella, hepatitis B, dengue
- Bacterial
- Mycobacterial: tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria
- Fungal: histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, cryptococcosis
- Parasitic: toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis
- Non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders
- Immune-mediated
- Endocrine and metabolism
- Other
Differential by Location
- Cervical: EBV, CMV, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacteria (if more chronic with less tenderness), cat scratch disease, metastatic head-and-neck cancer
- Preauricular: conjunctivitis, Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome (cat scratch disease)
- Postauricular: parietotemporal scalp infection, rubella
- Suboccipital: posterior scalp infection
- Supraclavicular: malignancy (especially intraabdominal malignancy)
- Axillary: infections of the arm (including cat scratch disease), malignancy (including breast and metastasis), foreign body reaction to silicone breast implants
- Epitrochlear: infections of the forearm or hand, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, tularemia, and secondary syphilis
- Inguinal: trauma, lower limb infections, STIs (chancroid, LGV, herpes, syphilis), malignancy (including skin on legs, cervix, vulva, skin on trunk, rectum/anus, ovary, penis)
- Generalized:
- More common: HIV, tuberculosis, mononucleosis, lupus, medications, sarcoidosis, lymphoma
- Less common: Castleman disease, Kikuchi disease, Kawasaki disease, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, inflammatory pseudotumour, amyloidosis, Kimura disease, progressive transformation of germinal centres, Fosai-Dorfman disease, IgG4-related disease
Causes by risk factor
- Animal exposure
- Undercooked meat: toxoplasmosis
- Tick bite: Lyme disease, tularemia
- Tuberculosis: tuberculous adenitis
- Transfusion or transplant: CMV, HIV
- High-risk sexual behaviour: HIV, syphilis, HSV, CMV, hepatitis B
- Intravenous drug use: HIV, endocarditis, hepatitis B
- Occupational
- Hunters and trappers: tularemia
- Fishermen and butchers: erysipeloid
- Travel-related
- Arizona, southern California, New Mexico, and western Texas: coccidiomycosis
- Southwestern US: plague
- Southeastern or central US: histoplasmosis
- Southeast Asia, India, or northern Australia: scrub typhus
- Central or west Africa: African trypanosomiasis
- Central or South America: American trypanosomiasis
- East Africa, Mediterranean, China, or South/Central America: leishmaniasis
- Mexico, Peru, Chile, India, Pakistan, Egypt, or Indonesia: typhoid fever
