Influenza virus: Difference between revisions
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− | == |
+ | ==Background== |
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+ | ===Microbiology=== |
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+ | *Enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus in the [[Family::Orthomyxoviridae]] family |
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+ | *Four genera corresponding to influenza A through D |
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+ | *Typed by hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins |
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+ | **Antigenic drift refers to small mutations |
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+ | **Antigenic shift refers to large changes from reassortment |
− | === |
+ | ===Epidemiology=== |
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+ | *Worldwide |
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+ | == Clinical Manifestations == |
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+ | * Fever and respiratory symptoms, especially with myalgias |
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+ | == Management == |
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+ | |||
+ | * Neuraminidase inhibitors started within 48 hours of symptom onset are associated with a shorter duration of illness |
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+ | ** [[Oseltamivir]] |
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+ | ** [[Zanamavir]] |
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+ | ** [[Peramivir]] is IV only |
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+ | * Monitor for secondary bacterial pneumonia |
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+ | == Prevention == |
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+ | |||
+ | * Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone 6 months of age and older |
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+ | * Chemoprophylaxis with [[oseltamivir]] may be indicated as post-exposure prophylaxis or during local outbreaks for all people at risk |
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[[Category:RNA viruses]] |
[[Category:RNA viruses]] |
Latest revision as of 09:28, 18 August 2020
Background
Microbiology
- Enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus in the Orthomyxoviridae family
- Four genera corresponding to influenza A through D
- Typed by hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins
- Antigenic drift refers to small mutations
- Antigenic shift refers to large changes from reassortment
Epidemiology
- Worldwide
- Seasonal in temperate climates, lasting from fall through spring and peaking in late winter
- Antigenic drift usually results in local outbreaks, while antigenic shift can result in epidemic or pandemics
Clinical Manifestations
- Fever and respiratory symptoms, especially with myalgias
Management
- Neuraminidase inhibitors started within 48 hours of symptom onset are associated with a shorter duration of illness
- Oseltamivir
- Zanamavir
- Peramivir is IV only
- Monitor for secondary bacterial pneumonia
Prevention
- Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone 6 months of age and older
- Chemoprophylaxis with oseltamivir may be indicated as post-exposure prophylaxis or during local outbreaks for all people at risk