Balantidium coli: Difference between revisions
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Balantidium coli
(Created page with " {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balantidium coli''}} Category:Protozoa Category:Gastrointestinal infections") |
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+ | * Largest protozoan |
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+ | |||
+ | == Background == |
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+ | === Microbiology === |
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+ | * Largest protozoan |
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+ | * Only ciliated protozoan that infects humans |
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+ | |||
+ | === Epidemiology === |
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+ | * Worldwide distribution but most common in Latin America, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, and the Middle East |
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+ | * Found in contaminated food and water |
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+ | * Domestic and wild pigs are the main reservoir, but has been found in other mammals |
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+ | |||
+ | === Life Cycle === |
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+ | * Ingestion of '''cysts''' |
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+ | * In the small bowel, the cysts release '''trophozoites''' |
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+ | * Trophozoites migrate to the large bowel, where they form cysts in the bowel wall and reproduce |
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+ | |||
+ | == Clinical Presentation == |
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+ | * Mostly asymptomatic |
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+ | * Can cause a chronic intermittent diarrhea with abdominal pain and weight los |
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+ | * Rarely presents with bloody stools and fulminant colitis |
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+ | ** May be complicated by intestinal perforation |
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+ | * Case reports of pulmonary and urinary tract infections |
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+ | |||
+ | == Diagnosis == |
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+ | * Stool O&P for rapidly motile trophozoites |
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+ | ** Cysts are rarely seen |
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+ | |||
+ | == Management == |
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+ | * First-line: [[Is treated by::tetracycline]] 500 mg po qid for 10 days |
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+ | * Alternatives: |
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+ | ** [[Is treated by::metronidazole]] 750 mg po tid for 5 days |
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+ | ** [[Is treated by::iodoquinol]] 650 mg po tid for 20 days |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balantidium coli''}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balantidium coli''}} |
Revision as of 20:54, 9 October 2019
- Largest protozoan
Background
Microbiology
- Largest protozoan
- Only ciliated protozoan that infects humans
Epidemiology
- Worldwide distribution but most common in Latin America, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, and the Middle East
- Found in contaminated food and water
- Domestic and wild pigs are the main reservoir, but has been found in other mammals
Life Cycle
- Ingestion of cysts
- In the small bowel, the cysts release trophozoites
- Trophozoites migrate to the large bowel, where they form cysts in the bowel wall and reproduce
Clinical Presentation
- Mostly asymptomatic
- Can cause a chronic intermittent diarrhea with abdominal pain and weight los
- Rarely presents with bloody stools and fulminant colitis
- May be complicated by intestinal perforation
- Case reports of pulmonary and urinary tract infections
Diagnosis
- Stool O&P for rapidly motile trophozoites
- Cysts are rarely seen
Management
- First-line: tetracycline 500 mg po qid for 10 days
- Alternatives:
- metronidazole 750 mg po tid for 5 days
- iodoquinol 650 mg po tid for 20 days