Acute epiglottitis: Difference between revisions
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+ | ==Background== |
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− | = Definition = |
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− | * |
+ | *Infection of the epiglottis |
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+ | ===Microbiology=== |
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− | = Etiology = |
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+ | *Pediatric |
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− | * Paediatric |
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− | ** |
+ | **''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' type B, before routine vaccination |
− | * |
+ | *Adult |
− | ** |
+ | **''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' |
− | ** |
+ | **''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'' |
− | ** |
+ | **''[[Neisseria meningitidis]]'' |
+ | *Cryptogenic (now most common) |
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+ | ==Clinical Manifestations== |
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+ | *In children, presents with fever, irritability, and respiratory distress with or without stridor |
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+ | **Often a muffled, hoarse voice |
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+ | *In adults, presents with odynophagia and sore throat |
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− | = Presentation = |
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− | * Paediatric |
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− | ** Toxic, febrile child with muffled voice and possibly tripoding |
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+ | *Thermal epiglottitis |
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− | * Adult |
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− | ** Odynophagia and sore throat are cardinal features |
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− | = |
+ | ==Investigations== |
− | * |
+ | *Lateral neck x-ray shows thumb sign |
− | * |
+ | *Laryngoscopy |
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+ | ==Management== |
− | * |
+ | *Ceftriaxone |
− | * |
+ | *Include Staph aureus coverage if concerned for bacterial tracheitis |
− | * |
+ | *Vanco to cover resistant pneumococcus if common |
− | * |
+ | *7-10 days |
[[Category:Head and neck infections]] |
[[Category:Head and neck infections]] |
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+ | [[Category:Pediatrics]] |
Latest revision as of 09:08, 18 August 2020
Background
- Infection of the epiglottis
- See also chronic epiglottitis
Microbiology
- Pediatric
- Haemophilus influenzae type B, before routine vaccination
- Adult
- Cryptogenic (now most common)
Clinical Manifestations
- In children, presents with fever, irritability, and respiratory distress with or without stridor
- Often a muffled, hoarse voice
- Cough is rare
- In adults, presents with odynophagia and sore throat
- May also have fever, drooling, or stridor
Differential Diagnosis
- Viral croup
- Bacterial tracheitis
- Thermal epiglottitis
- Angioneurotic edema
- Retropharyngeal abscess
- Peritonsillar abscess
- Uvulitis
- Diphtheria
Investigations
- Lateral neck x-ray shows thumb sign
- Laryngoscopy
Management
- Ceftriaxone
- Include Staph aureus coverage if concerned for bacterial tracheitis
- Vanco to cover resistant pneumococcus if common
- 7-10 days