Neutrophilia

• Spurious: platelet clumping, mixed cryoglobulinemia
• Primary (no other evident associated disease)
  • Myeloproliferative neoplasms (eg, CML, PV, ET)
  • Genetic/inherited conditions
    • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
    • Chronic neutrophilic leukemia
    • Down syndrome
    • Cryoporin-associated periodic syndromes
• Secondary
  • Infection
  • Inflammation (eg, autoimmune conditions, non-hematologic malignancies)
  • Medications
    • Glucocorticoids
    • G-CSF
    • Catecholamines (epinephrine)
    • Lithium
    • All-trans retinoic acid
    • Isolated case reports for occasional other drugs
  • Asplenia/hyposplenism
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Stress (physical or emotional stress, vigorous exercise, heatstroke)