Metabolic alkalosis

Differential Diagnosis

• Gastrointestinal hydrogen loss
  • Vomiting or NG suction
  • Congenital chloride diarrhea
• Renal hydrogen loss
  • Primary mineralocorticoid excess
    • Primary aldosteronism
    • Cushing syndrome
  • Mineralocorticoid excess-like diseases
    • Licorice ingestion
    • Liddle syndrome
  • Loop diuretics
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Bartter syndrome
  • Gitelman syndrome
  • Recent chronic hypercarbia
• Severe hypokalemia
  • Villous adenoma
  • Laxative abuse
• Alkali administration
  • Calcium-alkali syndrome
  • Bicarbonate ingestion with impaired renal function
• Contraction alkalosis