Chromobacterium violaceum

Microbiology

• Gram-negative bacterium
• Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment
• Found in water

Epidemiology

• Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
• Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida
• CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency

Clinical Presentation

• Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
• Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%)
• Often bacteremic (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
• High mortality (53%)

Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure

• Common bugs: Staph, Strep, polymicrobial, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli
• Uniquely marine bacteria: Aeromonas, Vibrio, Shewanella, Edwardsiella, Chromobacterium
• Others: Burkholderia pseudomallei, NTMs, some fungal infections

Management

• FQs, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin

Further Reading

• Chromobacterium violaceum infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection. J Chin Med Assoc. 2011;74(10):435-41.