Enterovirus

Background

Microbiology

• A genus of small RNA viruses within the picornavirus family which includes rhinovirus, coxsackievirus, and poliovirus
• Traditionally organized by subgenera (poliovirus, group A and B coxsackievirus, echovirus, and numbered enterovirus) and serotype
• Now organized by sequencing of VP1 gene into four species:
  • Enterovirus A: CV-A2 to CV-A8, CV-A10, CV-A12, CV-A14, and CV-A16; EV-A71, EV-A76, EV-A89, EV-A90 to EV-A92, EV-A114
  • Enterovirus B: CV-A9, CV-B1 to CV-B6; E-1 to E-7, E-9, E-11 to E-21, E-24 to E-27, E-29 to E-33; EV-B69, EV-B73 to EV-B75, EV-B77 to EV-B88, EV-B93, EV-B97, EV-B98, EV-B100, EV-B101, EV-B106, EV-B107, EV-B110
  • Enterovirus C: PV-1 to PV-3; CV-A1, CV-A11, CV-A13, CV-A17, CV-A19 to CV-A22, CV-A24; EV-C95, EV-C96, EC-C99, EV-C102, EV-C104, EV-C105, EV-C109, EV-C113, EV-C116
  • Enterovirus D: EV-D68, EV-D70, EV-D94, EV-D111

Clinical Manifestations

• Clinical syndromes are myriad, including mild febrile illnesses, upper or lower respiratory infections, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis, myocarditis, and neonatal enteroviral sepsis

Hand-foot-mouth disease

• Typically caused by group A enteroviruses, especially coxsackie A16, enterovirus A71, and enterovirus A6
• Causes painful lesions in oral mucosa and palms and soles in young children

Diagnosis

• Diagnosis is usually PCR