Obstructive sleep apnoea

Definition

• Apnoea: cessation of breathing for 3+ second associated with a decrease in O2 by 3-4%

Risk Factors

• Overweight/obesity
• Male

Clinical Presentation

• Can risk stratify using the STOP-Bang score for OSA
• History
  • Loud snoring
  • Witnessed apneic events while sleeping
• Signs & Symptoms
  • Hypertension, bradyarrhytmias, atrial fibrillation, normal oxygenation (in general)
  • Retrognathia
  • Large neck
  • Large soft palate

Investigations

• Labs
• Imaging
• Other
  • Sleep study
    • AHI (apnea-hypopnea index): number of apneic or hypopneic events per hour
      • Normal: AHI<5
      • Mild sleep apnea: 5≤AHI<15
      • Moderate sleep apnea: 15≤AHI<30
      • Severe sleep apnea: AHI≥30