Rickettsia species
From IDWiki
Background
- A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria
| Species | Disease | Vector | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Typhus Group | |||
| R. prowazekii | epidemic typhus | body louse | |
| R. typhi | murine/endemic typhus | rat/cat fleas | |
| Spotted Fever Group | |||
| R. rickettsii | Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) | Dermacentor variabilis | eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US |
| Dermacentor andersoni ticks | western US | ||
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus | Mexico and southern US | ||
| Amblyomma cajennense | Central and South America | ||
| R. parkeri | American tick-borne fever | Amblyommma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick) in the southern US, and Amblyomma triste in Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina | North and South America |
| R. conorrii | Mediterranean spotted fever | Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks | |
| R. japonica | Oriental spotter fever | ||
| R. heilongiangensis | Far Eastern spotted fever | eastern Russia, Thailand, and China | |
| R. africae | African tick bite fever | Amblyomma ticks | |
| R. slovaca | tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) | Dermacentor marginatus ticks | |
| Transitional Group | |||
| R. akari | rickettsialpox | Liponyssoides sanguineus house mouse mites | |
| R. australis | North Queensland tick typhus | ||
| R. felis | flea-borne spotted fever | ||
| Ancestral Group | |||
| Rickettsia bellii | |||
| Rickettsia canadensis | |||
| Other Rickettsiae | |||
| Orientia tsutsugamushi | scrub typhus | chiggers | |
| Ehrlichia species | human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis | Amblyomma americanum and other ticks | |
| Anaplasma species | human granulocytic anaplasmosis | Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus ticks | |
| Neorickettsia | helminths | ||
| Wolbachia | helminths and arthropods | ||
Management
Spotted Fever Group
- Doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
- Alternatively: tetracycline 2 g/day or chloramphenicol 2 g/d
- Alternatively: ciprofloxacin 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
- But no good evidence for this
- Can use doxycycline safely for these duration in children <8 years, and is strongly indicated for rickettsioses
- May use azithromycin or clarithromycin in pregnant women
- Avoid TMP-SMX, which appears to worsen severity of disease!
